ICAT: Incident-Case-Grounded Adaptive Testing for Physical-Risk Prediction in Embodied World Models
On the map: World models → World models for navigation
Abstract (arXiv)
Video-generative world models are increasingly used as neural simulators for embodied planning and policy learning, yet their ability to predict physical risk and severe consequences is rarely evaluated.We find that these models often downplay or omit key danger cues and severe outcomes for hazardous actions, which can induce unsafe preferences during planning and training on imagined rollouts. We propose ICAT, which grounds testing in real incident reports and safety manuals by building structured risk memories and retrieving/composing them to constrain the generation of risk cases with causal chains and severity labels. Experiments on an ICAT-based benchmark show that mainstream world models frequently miss mechanisms and triggering conditions and miscalibrate severity, falling short of the reliability required for safety-critical embodied deployment.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in World models for navigation, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 54 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Mar 2026.
Builds on
54 of 55 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Embodied AI: From LLMs to World Models24 Sep
- 2025Embodied AI Agents: Modeling the World27 Jun
Other references · 52
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
- 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
- 2018Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actorcited by 4,635
- 2025Wan: Open and Advanced Large-Scale Video Generative Modelscited by 2,536
- 2023Stable Video Diffusion: Scaling Latent Video Diffusion Models to Large Datasetscited by 2,526
- 2022Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2,280
- 2024CogVideoX: Text-to-Video Diffusion Models with An Expert Transformercited by 2,198
- 2023VBench: Comprehensive Benchmark Suite for Video Generative Modelscited by 1,755
- 2024HunyuanVideo: A Systematic Framework For Large Video Generative Modelscited by 1,597
- 2018World Modelscited by 1,444
- 2023Mastering Diverse Domains through World Modelscited by 1,193
- 2023Reasoning with Language Model is Planning with World Modelcited by 846
38 more
- 2024Genie: Generative Interactive Environmentscited by 706
- 2024Latte: Latent Diffusion Transformer for Video Generationcited by 536
- 2023TD-MPC2: Scalable, Robust World Models for Continuous Controlcited by 482
- 2024Lumiere: A Space-Time Diffusion Model for Video Generationcited by 450
- 2022DayDreamer: World Models for Physical Robot Learningcited by 372
- 2023EvalCrafter: Benchmarking and Evaluating Large Video Generation Modelscited by 332
- 2024Open-Sora Plan: Open-Source Large Video Generation Modelcited by 286
- 2024Diffusion for World Modeling: Visual Details Matter in Ataricited by 285
- 2025SkyReels-V2: Infinite-length Film Generative Modelcited by 218
- 2024VideoScore: Building Automatic Metrics to Simulate Fine-grained Human Feedback for Video Generationcited by 190
- 2025World Simulation with Video Foundation Models for Physical AIcited by 183
- 2024T2V-CompBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Compositional Text-to-video Generationcited by 177
- 2024Towards World Simulator: Crafting Physical Commonsense-Based Benchmark for Video Generationcited by 167
- 2022Human-to-Robot Imitation in the Wildcited by 157
- 2022TransDreamer: Reinforcement Learning with Transformer World Modelscited by 143
- 2024ConsistI2V: Enhancing Visual Consistency for Image-to-Video Generationcited by 130
- 2025Training Agents Inside of Scalable World Modelscited by 122
- 2023GenSim: Generating Robotic Simulation Tasks via Large Language Modelscited by 120
- 2025WorldModelBench: Judging Video Generation Models As World Modelscited by 116
- 2023VDT: General-purpose Video Diffusion Transformers via Mask Modelingcited by 102
- 2024SafeAgentBench: A Benchmark for Safe Task Planning of Embodied LLM Agentscited by 102
- 2018Model-Based Reinforcement Learning via Meta-Policy Optimizationcited by 99
- 2025Video Generators are Robot Policiescited by 86
- 2025Scaling RL to Long Videoscited by 83
- 2024ChronoMagic-Bench: A Benchmark for Metamorphic Evaluation of Text-to-Time-lapse Video Generationcited by 74
- 2025LongCat-Video Technical Reportcited by 73
- 2025WoW: Towards a World omniscient World model Through Embodied Interactioncited by 66
- 2025GigaWorld-0: World Models as Data Engine to Empower Embodied AIcited by 60
- 2025Evaluating Newtonian Mechanics in Video Generative Models with Real Physical Systemscited by 44
- 2025Pre-Trained Video Generative Models as World Simulatorscited by 43
- 2025Planning with Reasoning using Vision Language World Modelcited by 36
- 2025CausalVQA: A Physically Grounded Causal Reasoning Benchmark for Video Modelscited by 35
- 2024EVA: An Embodied World Model for Future Video Anticipationcited by 28
- 2025Video-SafetyBench: A Benchmark for Safety Evaluation of Video LVLMscited by 25
- 2024EARBench: Towards Evaluating Physical Risk Awareness for Task Planning of Foundation Model-based Embodied AI Agentscited by 24
- 2025PIN-WM: Learning Physics-INformed World Models for Non-Prehensile Manipulationcited by 22
- 2025Can AI Perceive Physical Danger and Intervene?cited by 12
- 2023Making Offline RL Online: Collaborative World Models for Offline Visual Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
50 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)
Built on by
Not cited yet.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Rethinking World Models for Safety-Critical Embodied Systems
- 2026EMBGuard: Constructing Hazard-Aware Guardrails for Safe Planning in Embodied Agents
- 2026Self-Evolving Just-In-Time Memory for Proactive Embodied Safety
- 2025SafeMind: Benchmarking and Mitigating Safety Risks in Embodied LLM Agents
- 2024HAZARD Challenge: Embodied Decision Making in Dynamically Changing Environments
- 2026GuardianBench: A Same-Scene Instruction-Contrastive Benchmark for Latent Contextual Risk in Embodied AI
- 2026Don't Fool Me Twice: Adapting to Adversity in the Wild with Experience-Driven Reasoning
- 2026Security of World-Model-Based Embodied AI: A Lifecycle of Threats, Defenses, and Evaluation