mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Seeking SOTA: Time-Series Forecasting Must Adopt Taxonomy-Specific Evaluation to Dispel Illusory Gains

arXiv 2603.15506 ↗First posted 16 Mar 2026cs.LG cs.AIcited by 3

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

We argue that the current practice of evaluating AI/ML time-series forecasting models, predominantly on benchmarks characterized by strong, persistent periodicities and seasonalities, obscures real progress by overlooking the performance of efficient classical methods. We demonstrate that these "standard" datasets often exhibit dominant autocorrelation patterns and seasonal cycles that can be effectively captured by simpler linear or statistical models, rendering complex deep learning architectures frequently no more performant than their classical counterparts for these specific data characteristics, and raising questions as to whether any marginal improvements justify the significant increase in computational overhead and model complexity. We call on the community to (I) retire or substantially augment current benchmarks with datasets exhibiting a wider spectrum of non-stationarities, such as structural breaks, time-varying volatility, and concept drift, and less predictable dynamics drawn from diverse real-world domains, and (II) require every deep learning submission to include robust classical and simple baselines, appropriately chosen for the specific characteristics of the downstream tasks' time series. By doing so, we will help ensure that reported gains reflect genuine scientific methodological advances rather than artifacts of benchmark selection favoring models adept at learning repetitive patterns.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 78 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2026.

Builds on

44 of 78 references.

References · 44

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2021On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Modelscited by 4,033
  3. 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,576
  4. 2020Informer: Beyond Efficient Transformer for Long Sequence Time-Series Forecastingcited by 2,169
  5. 2022A Time Series is Worth 64 Words: Long-term Forecasting with Transformerscited by 2,039
  6. 2021Autoformer: Decomposition Transformers with Auto-Correlation for Long-Term Series Forecastingcited by 1,676
  7. 2022Are Transformers Effective for Time Series Forecasting?cited by 1,424
  8. 2022FEDformer: Frequency Enhanced Decomposed Transformer for Long-term Series Forecastingcited by 1,210
  9. 2022TimesNet: Temporal 2D-Variation Modeling for General Time Series Analysiscited by 1,058
  10. 2023iTransformer: Inverted Transformers Are Effective for Time Series Forecastingcited by 931
  11. 2017Modeling Long- and Short-Term Temporal Patterns with Deep Neural Networkscited by 879
  12. 2019N-BEATS: Neural basis expansion analysis for interpretable time series forecastingcited by 753
32 more
  1. 2023Time-LLM: Time Series Forecasting by Reprogramming Large Language Modelscited by 700
  2. 2023A decoder-only foundation model for time-series forecastingcited by 692
  3. 2023One Fits All:Power General Time Series Analysis by Pretrained LMcited by 632
  4. 2024Unified Training of Universal Time Series Forecasting Transformerscited by 614
  5. 2019Enhancing the Locality and Breaking the Memory Bottleneck of Transformer on Time Series Forecastingcited by 607
  6. 2023Large Language Models Are Zero-Shot Time Series Forecasterscited by 500
  7. 2024MOMENT: A Family of Open Time-series Foundation Modelscited by 482
  8. 2022Non-stationary Transformers: Exploring the Stationarity in Time Series Forecastingcited by 391
  9. 2023A Comprehensive Survey on Pretrained Foundation Models: A History from BERT to ChatGPTcited by 368
  10. 2024TimeMixer: Decomposable Multiscale Mixing for Time Series Forecastingcited by 346
  11. 2021SCINet: Time Series Modeling and Forecasting with Sample Convolution and Interactioncited by 338
  12. 2023Long-term Forecasting with TiDE: Time-series Dense Encodercited by 332
  13. 2020WeatherBench: A benchmark dataset for data-driven weather forecastingcited by 275
  14. 2021Monash Time Series Forecasting Archivecited by 267
  15. 2022GraphCast: Learning skillful medium-range global weather forecastingcited by 267
  16. 2024TFB: Towards Comprehensive and Fair Benchmarking of Time Series Forecasting Methodscited by 249
  17. 2024GIFT-Eval: A Benchmark For General Time Series Forecasting Model Evaluationcited by 212
  18. 2023TEMPO: Prompt-based Generative Pre-trained Transformer for Time Series Forecastingcited by 174
  19. 2023TEST: Text Prototype Aligned Embedding to Activate LLM's Ability for Time Seriescited by 169
  20. 2024Are Language Models Actually Useful for Time Series Forecasting?cited by 168
  21. 2022Transformer Language Models without Positional Encodings Still Learn Positional Informationcited by 150
  22. 2023LLM4TS: Aligning Pre-Trained LLMs as Data-Efficient Time-Series Forecasterscited by 129
  23. 2024TimeMixer++: A General Time Series Pattern Machine for Universal Predictive Analysiscited by 116
  24. 2024CALF: Aligning LLMs for Time Series Forecasting via Cross-modal Fine-Tuningcited by 108
  25. 2024SparseTSF: Modeling Long-term Time Series Forecasting with 1k Parameterscited by 107
  26. 2024Language Models Still Struggle to Zero-shot Reason about Time Seriescited by 88
  27. 2020Principles and Algorithms for Forecasting Groups of Time Series: Locality and Globalitycited by 70
  28. 2022Forecast Evaluation for Data Scientists: Common Pitfalls and Best Practicescited by 55
  29. 2024Position: What Can Large Language Models Tell Us about Time Series Analysiscited by 47
  30. 2024Specialized Foundation Models Struggle to Beat Supervised Baselinescited by 24
  31. 2024Cherry-Picking in Time Series Forecasting: How to Select Datasets to Make Your Model Shinecited by 10
  32. 2026Impermanent: A Live Benchmark for Temporal Generalization in Time Series Forecastingcited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.