Whispering to a Blackbox: Bootstrapping Frozen OCR with Visual Prompts
On the map: Offline RL and imitation learning from data → Robot manipulation imitation learning
Abstract (arXiv)
In the landscape of modern machine learning, frozen pre-trained models provide stability and efficiency but often underperform on specific tasks due to mismatched data distributions. This paper introduces the Whisperer, a novel visual prompting framework that learns diffusion-based preprocessors to adapt inputs in pixel space, effectively "whispering" enhancements to frozen downstream models like EasyOCR. By framing the process as behavioral cloning of stochastically discovered improvement policies, our method achieves an 8% absolute (10.6% relative) reduction in Character Error Rate (CER) on a challenging dataset of 300k degraded synthetic text images, surpassing hand-engineered baselines such as CLAHE. The key innovation is a four-stage training curriculum that uses behavioral cloning to amplify "lucky" improvements discovered through the stochastic exploration of a partially trained diffusion model. This approach is highly sample-efficient and avoids the pitfalls of traditional reinforcement learning. Crucially, we frame this not as naive reinforcement learning, but as behavioral cloning of an exploration policy: we stochastically sample intermediate diffusion outputs, select those that improve CER by chance, and then train the model to reproduce them. This bootstrapping curriculum (4 stages over 60 GPU-hours) amplifies random successes into a systematic strategy. In summary, by whispering to the frozen OCR through its inputs, we improve an imperfect classifier without touching its weights.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Robot manipulation imitation learning, one of 13 directions in Offline RL and imitation learning from data. Builds on 15 of its 18 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Mar 2026.
Builds on
15 of 18 references.
References · 15
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
- 2017Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning for Fast Adaptation of Deep Networkscited by 4,861
- 2021Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generationcited by 3,878
- 2021The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuningcited by 3,769
- 2017Hindsight Experience Replaycited by 1,096
- 2018AutoAugment: Learning Augmentation Policies from Datacited by 728
- 2019Green AIcited by 620
- 2018Rethinking ImageNet Pre-trainingcited by 376
- 2022Exploring Visual Prompts for Adapting Large-Scale Modelscited by 271
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- 2026Language-Free Generative Editing from One Visual Example
- 2026PAST: Prompt-Adaptive Sampling Termination for Efficient Diffusion Model
- 2024PromptFix: You Prompt and We Fix the Photo
- 2026Critic-Guided Reinforcement Unlearning in Text-to-Image Diffusion
- 2026Your Pre-trained Diffusion Model Secretly Knows Restoration
- 2026Evolutionary Token-Level Prompt Optimization for Diffusion Models
- 2025Inference-Time Optimization of Prompt Embeddings in Diffusion Models: A Comparison of sep-CMA-ES and Adam
- 2023Enhancing Diffusion Models with Text-Encoder Reinforcement Learning