ReLLIE: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Customized Low-Light Image Enhancement
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Abstract (arXiv)
Low-light image enhancement (LLIE) is a pervasive yet challenging problem, since: 1) low-light measurements may vary due to different imaging conditions in practice; 2) images can be enlightened subjectively according to diverse preferences by each individual. To tackle these two challenges, this paper presents a novel deep reinforcement learning based method, dubbed ReLLIE, for customized low-light enhancement. ReLLIE models LLIE as a markov decision process, i.e., estimating the pixel-wise image-specific curves sequentially and recurrently. Given the reward computed from a set of carefully crafted non-reference loss functions, a lightweight network is proposed to estimate the curves for enlightening of a low-light image input. As ReLLIE learns a policy instead of one-one image translation, it can handle various low-light measurements and provide customized enhanced outputs by flexibly applying the policy different times. Furthermore, ReLLIE can enhance real-world images with hybrid corruptions, e.g., noise, by using a plug-and-play denoiser easily. Extensive experiments on various benchmarks demonstrate the advantages of ReLLIE, comparing to the state-of-the-art methods.
Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Jul 2021.
Builds on
15 of 33 references.
References · 15
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
- 2016Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2,218
- 2018Deep Retinex Decomposition for Low-Light Enhancementcited by 720
- 2020Zero-Reference Deep Curve Estimation for Low-Light Image Enhancementcited by 541
- 2017FFDNet: Toward a Fast and Flexible Solution for CNN based Image Denoisingcited by 509
- 2019EnlightenGAN: Deep Light Enhancement without Paired Supervisioncited by 466
- 2019Kindling the Darkness: A Practical Low-light Image Enhancercited by 355
- 2015LLNet: A Deep Autoencoder Approach to Natural Low-light Image Enhancementcited by 224
- 2017Deep Bilateral Learning for Real-Time Image Enhancementcited by 200
- 2018Non-Local Recurrent Network for Image Restorationcited by 160
- 2018Distort-and-Recover: Color Enhancement using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 52
- 2018Crafting a Toolchain for Image Restoration by Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 45
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 9; 2024: 5; 2025: 3; 2026: 5.
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- 2023Low-Light Image Enhancement with Wavelet-based Diffusion Modelscited by 126
- 2022ShadowDiffusion: When Degradation Prior Meets Diffusion Model for Shadow Removalcited by 102
- 2023ShadowFormer: Global Context Helps Image Shadow Removalcited by 35
- 2023ExposureDiffusion: Learning to Expose for Low-light Image Enhancementcited by 29
- 2024Low-light Image Enhancement via CLIP-Fourier Guided Wavelet Diffusioncited by 19
- 2023Aleth-NeRF: Low-light Condition View Synthesis with Concealing Fieldscited by 9
- 2022Enhancement by Your Aesthetic: An Intelligible Unsupervised Personalized Enhancer for Low-Light Imagescited by 5
- 2024PIE: Physics-inspired Low-light Enhancementcited by 5
- 2023ALL-E: Aesthetics-guided Low-light Image Enhancementcited by 3
- 2023Brighten-and-Colorize: A Decoupled Network for Customized Low-Light Image Enhancementcited by 3
- 2023Self-Reference Deep Adaptive Curve Estimation for Low-Light Image Enhancementcited by 3
- 2024Equipping Diffusion Models with Differentiable Spatial Entropy for Low-Light Image Enhancementcited by 3
14 more
- 2024ReviveDiff: A Universal Diffusion Model for Restoring Images in Adverse Weather Conditionscited by 3
- 2022REPNP: Plug-and-Play with Deep Reinforcement Learning Prior for Robust Image Restorationcited by 2
- 2023Crowd-Powered Photo Enhancement Featuring an Active Learning Based Local Filtercited by 2
- 2024ECAFormer: Low-light Image Enhancement using Cross Attentioncited by 2
- 2025ReF-LLE: Personalized Low-Light Enhancement via Reference-Guided Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2025CURVE: CLIP-Utilized Reinforcement Learning for Visual Image Enhancement via Simple Image Processingcited by 1
- 2022KinD-LCE Curve Estimation And Retinex Fusion On Low-Light Imagecited by 0
- 2023Bio-Inspired Simple Neural Network for Low-Light Image Restoration: A Minimalist Approachcited by 0
- 2025Diffusion Models for Low-Light Image Enhancement: A Multi-Perspective Taxonomy and Performance Analysiscited by 0
- 2026Diffusion-Based Low-Light Image Enhancement with Color and Luminance Priorscited by 0
- 2026Whispering to a Blackbox: Bootstrapping Frozen OCR with Visual Promptscited by 0
- 2026Self-DACE++: Robust Low-Light Enhancement via Efficient Adaptive Curve Estimationcited by 0
- 2026SPARK: Spatial Policy-driven Adaptive Reinforcement learning for Knowledge distillationcited by 0
- 2026Low-light Image Enhancement via Multi-scale Attention combined with Fourier Transformcited by 0
- 2026Low-light Image Enhancement via Multi-scale Attention combined with Fourier Transform27 Jul 2026
- 2026SPARK: Spatial Policy-driven Adaptive Reinforcement learning for Knowledge distillation13 Jun 2026
- 2026Self-DACE++: Robust Low-Light Enhancement via Efficient Adaptive Curve Estimation28 Apr 2026
- 2026Whispering to a Blackbox: Bootstrapping Frozen OCR with Visual Prompts5 Mar 2026
- 2026Diffusion-Based Low-Light Image Enhancement with Color and Luminance Priors27 Feb 2026
- 2025Diffusion Models for Low-Light Image Enhancement: A Multi-Perspective Taxonomy and Performance Analysis7 Oct 2025
- 2025ReF-LLE: Personalized Low-Light Enhancement via Reference-Guided Deep Reinforcement Learning27 Jun 2025
- 2025CURVE: CLIP-Utilized Reinforcement Learning for Visual Image Enhancement via Simple Image Processing29 May 2025
- 2024ReviveDiff: A Universal Diffusion Model for Restoring Images in Adverse Weather Conditions27 Sep 2024
- 2024ECAFormer: Low-light Image Enhancement using Cross Attention19 Jun 2024
- 2024Equipping Diffusion Models with Differentiable Spatial Entropy for Low-Light Image Enhancement15 Apr 2024
- 2024PIE: Physics-inspired Low-light Enhancement6 Apr 2024
14 more
- 2024Low-light Image Enhancement via CLIP-Fourier Guided Wavelet Diffusion8 Jan 2024
- 2023Self-Reference Deep Adaptive Curve Estimation for Low-Light Image Enhancement16 Aug 2023
- 2023Brighten-and-Colorize: A Decoupled Network for Customized Low-Light Image Enhancement6 Aug 2023
- 2023ExposureDiffusion: Learning to Expose for Low-light Image Enhancement15 Jul 2023
- 2023Crowd-Powered Photo Enhancement Featuring an Active Learning Based Local Filter15 Jun 2023
- 2023Low-Light Image Enhancement with Wavelet-based Diffusion Models1 Jun 2023
- 2023Bio-Inspired Simple Neural Network for Low-Light Image Restoration: A Minimalist Approach3 May 2023
- 2023ALL-E: Aesthetics-guided Low-light Image Enhancement28 Apr 2023
- 2023Aleth-NeRF: Low-light Condition View Synthesis with Concealing Fields10 Mar 2023
- 2023ShadowFormer: Global Context Helps Image Shadow Removal3 Feb 2023
- 2022ShadowDiffusion: When Degradation Prior Meets Diffusion Model for Shadow Removal9 Dec 2022
- 2022REPNP: Plug-and-Play with Deep Reinforcement Learning Prior for Robust Image Restoration25 Jul 2022
- 2022KinD-LCE Curve Estimation And Retinex Fusion On Low-Light Image19 Jul 2022
- 2022Enhancement by Your Aesthetic: An Intelligible Unsupervised Personalized Enhancer for Low-Light Images15 Jul 2022
- 2023Low-Light Image Enhancement with Wavelet-based Diffusion Modelscited by 126
- 2022ShadowDiffusion: When Degradation Prior Meets Diffusion Model for Shadow Removalcited by 102
- 2023ExposureDiffusion: Learning to Expose for Low-light Image Enhancementcited by 29
- 2024Equipping Diffusion Models with Differentiable Spatial Entropy for Low-Light Image Enhancementcited by 3
- 2024ReviveDiff: A Universal Diffusion Model for Restoring Images in Adverse Weather Conditionscited by 3
- 2025Diffusion Models for Low-Light Image Enhancement: A Multi-Perspective Taxonomy and Performance Analysiscited by 0
- 2025Diffusion Models for Low-Light Image Enhancement: A Multi-Perspective Taxonomy and Performance Analysis7 Oct 2025
- 2024ReviveDiff: A Universal Diffusion Model for Restoring Images in Adverse Weather Conditions27 Sep 2024
- 2024Equipping Diffusion Models with Differentiable Spatial Entropy for Low-Light Image Enhancement15 Apr 2024
- 2023ExposureDiffusion: Learning to Expose for Low-light Image Enhancement15 Jul 2023
- 2023Low-Light Image Enhancement with Wavelet-based Diffusion Models1 Jun 2023
- 2022ShadowDiffusion: When Degradation Prior Meets Diffusion Model for Shadow Removal9 Dec 2022
- 2023ShadowFormer: Global Context Helps Image Shadow Removalcited by 35
- 2024Low-light Image Enhancement via CLIP-Fourier Guided Wavelet Diffusioncited by 19
- 2023Aleth-NeRF: Low-light Condition View Synthesis with Concealing Fieldscited by 9
- 2022Enhancement by Your Aesthetic: An Intelligible Unsupervised Personalized Enhancer for Low-Light Imagescited by 5
- 2024PIE: Physics-inspired Low-light Enhancementcited by 5
- 2023ALL-E: Aesthetics-guided Low-light Image Enhancementcited by 3
- 2023Brighten-and-Colorize: A Decoupled Network for Customized Low-Light Image Enhancementcited by 3
- 2023Self-Reference Deep Adaptive Curve Estimation for Low-Light Image Enhancementcited by 3
- 2022REPNP: Plug-and-Play with Deep Reinforcement Learning Prior for Robust Image Restorationcited by 2
- 2023Crowd-Powered Photo Enhancement Featuring an Active Learning Based Local Filtercited by 2
- 2024ECAFormer: Low-light Image Enhancement using Cross Attentioncited by 2
- 2025ReF-LLE: Personalized Low-Light Enhancement via Reference-Guided Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
12 most cited of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2026Low-light Image Enhancement via Multi-scale Attention combined with Fourier Transform27 Jul 2026
- 2026SPARK: Spatial Policy-driven Adaptive Reinforcement learning for Knowledge distillation13 Jun 2026
- 2026Self-DACE++: Robust Low-Light Enhancement via Efficient Adaptive Curve Estimation28 Apr 2026
- 2026Diffusion-Based Low-Light Image Enhancement with Color and Luminance Priors27 Feb 2026
- 2025ReF-LLE: Personalized Low-Light Enhancement via Reference-Guided Deep Reinforcement Learning27 Jun 2025
- 2025CURVE: CLIP-Utilized Reinforcement Learning for Visual Image Enhancement via Simple Image Processing29 May 2025
- 2024ECAFormer: Low-light Image Enhancement using Cross Attention19 Jun 2024
- 2024PIE: Physics-inspired Low-light Enhancement6 Apr 2024
- 2024Low-light Image Enhancement via CLIP-Fourier Guided Wavelet Diffusion8 Jan 2024
- 2023Self-Reference Deep Adaptive Curve Estimation for Low-Light Image Enhancement16 Aug 2023
- 2023Brighten-and-Colorize: A Decoupled Network for Customized Low-Light Image Enhancement6 Aug 2023
- 2023Crowd-Powered Photo Enhancement Featuring an Active Learning Based Local Filter15 Jun 2023
12 newest of 19 All 19 (JSON)