PyVision-RL: Forging Open Agentic Vision Models via RL
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Multimodal and embodied agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Reinforcement learning for agentic multimodal models often suffers from interaction collapse, where models learn to reduce tool usage and multi-turn reasoning, limiting the benefits of agentic behavior. We introduce PyVision-RL, a reinforcement learning framework for open-weight multimodal models that stabilizes training and sustains interaction. Our approach combines an oversampling-filtering-ranking rollout strategy with an accumulative tool reward to prevent collapse and encourage multi-turn tool use. Using a unified training pipeline, we develop PyVision-Image and PyVision-Video for image and video understanding. For video reasoning, PyVision-Video employs on-demand context construction, selectively sampling task-relevant frames during reasoning to significantly reduce visual token usage. Experiments show strong performance and improved efficiency, demonstrating that sustained interaction and on-demand visual processing are critical for scalable multimodal agents.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 53 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Feb 2026.
Builds on
53 of 64 references.
Closest ancestors · 7
Same direction, newest first
- 2026AdaReasoner: Dynamic Tool Orchestration for Iterative Visual Reasoning26 Jan
- 2025LongVT: Incentivizing "Thinking with Long Videos" via Native Tool Calling25 Nov
- 2025CodeV: Code with Images for Faithful Visual Reasoning via Tool-Aware Policy Optimization24 Nov
- 2025Agentic Video Intelligence: A Flexible Framework for Advanced Video Exploration and Understanding18 Nov
- 2025DeepEyesV2: Toward Agentic Multimodal Model7 Nov
- 2025TIR-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Agentic Thinking-with-Images Reasoning3 Nov
- 2025PyVision: Agentic Vision with Dynamic Tooling10 Jul
Other references · 46
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
- 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,678
- 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,449
- 2024LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Modelscited by 1,442
- 2025Understanding R1-Zero-Like Training: A Critical Perspectivecited by 1,276
- 2025Group Sequence Policy Optimizationcited by 788
- 2023ViperGPT: Visual Inference via Python Execution for Reasoningcited by 591
- 2024Thinking in Space: How Multimodal Large Language Models See, Remember, and Recall Spacescited by 580
- 2024MathVerse: Does Your Multi-modal LLM Truly See the Diagrams in Visual Math Problems?cited by 573
- 2024Executable Code Actions Elicit Better LLM Agentscited by 537
- 2024Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision Datasetcited by 516
34 more
- 2023MM-REACT: Prompting ChatGPT for Multimodal Reasoning and Actioncited by 511
- 2022Visual Programming: Compositional visual reasoning without trainingcited by 507
- 2025Video-R1: Reinforcing Video Reasoning in MLLMscited by 464
- 2023V*: Guided Visual Search as a Core Mechanism in Multimodal LLMscited by 459
- 2021InfographicVQAcited by 430
- 2025VL-Rethinker: Incentivizing Self-Reflection of Vision-Language Models with Reinforcement Learningcited by 315
- 2024LongVILA: Scaling Long-Context Visual Language Models for Long Videoscited by 303
- 2025MM-Eureka: Exploring the Frontiers of Multimodal Reasoning with Rule-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 294
- 2024We-Math: Does Your Large Multimodal Model Achieve Human-like Mathematical Reasoning?cited by 281
- 2025Pixel Reasoner: Incentivizing Pixel-Space Reasoning with Curiosity-Driven Reinforcement Learningcited by 267
- 2025MiniMax-M1: Scaling Test-Time Compute Efficiently with Lightning Attentioncited by 248
- 2024Enhancing the Reasoning Ability of Multimodal Large Language Models via Mixed Preference Optimizationcited by 238
- 2026MiMo-V2-Flash Technical Reportcited by 163
- 2025Thyme: Think Beyond Imagescited by 160
- 2025SpaceR: Reinforcing MLLMs in Video Spatial Reasoningcited by 152
- 2024Divide, Conquer and Combine: A Training-Free Framework for High-Resolution Image Perception in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 151
- 2025SimpleTIR: End-to-End Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Turn Tool-Integrated Reasoningcited by 145
- 2024DynaMath: A Dynamic Visual Benchmark for Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning Robustness of Vision Language Modelscited by 143
- 2025Mini-o3: Scaling Up Reasoning Patterns and Interaction Turns for Visual Searchcited by 116
- 2025Geometric-Mean Policy Optimizationcited by 107
- 2025Soft Adaptive Policy Optimizationcited by 89
- 2025Thinking With Videos: Multimodal Tool-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Long Video Reasoningcited by 88
- 2025Scaling RL to Long Videoscited by 83
- 2025Stabilizing MoE Reinforcement Learning by Aligning Training and Inference Routerscited by 67
- 2024Adaptive Data Optimization: Dynamic Sample Selection with Scaling Lawscited by 46
- 2025Think or Not Think: A Study of Explicit Thinking in Rule-Based Visual Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 44
- 2025Open-o3-Video: Grounded Video Reasoning with Explicit Spatio-Temporal Evidencecited by 43
- 2025GMAI-VL-R1: Harnessing Reinforcement Learning for Multimodal Medical Reasoningcited by 39
- 2025Stabilizing Reinforcement Learning with LLMs: Formulation and Practicescited by 38
- 2025We-Math 2.0: A Versatile MathBook System for Incentivizing Visual Mathematical Reasoningcited by 32
- 2025V-Thinker: Interactive Thinking with Imagescited by 26
- 2025CodeDance: A Dynamic Tool-integrated MLLM for Executable Visual Reasoningcited by 16
- 2025Play to Generalize: Learning to Reason Through Game Playcited by 15
- 2025Thinking with Programming Vision: Towards a Unified View for Thinking with Imagescited by 13
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 14.
14 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2026TACO: Tool-Augmented Credit Optimization for Agentic Tool Usecited by 5
- 2026EVE: Verifiable Self-Evolution of MLLMs via Executable Visual Transformationscited by 3
- 2026Perceive-to-Reason: Decoupling Perception and Reasoning for Fine-Grained Visual Reasoningcited by 3
- 2026Agent Explorative Policy Optimization for Multimodal Agentic Reasoningcited by 2
- 2026SpecEyes: Accelerating Agentic Multimodal LLMs via Speculative Perception and Planningcited by 1
- 2026OPD-Evolver: Cultivating Holistic Agent Evolver via On-Policy Distillationcited by 1
- 2026FaithEyes: Towards Faithful Tool Use via Multi-Agent Process-Image Verificationcited by 1
- 2026Beacon: Knowing When and How to Perform Agentic Visual Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Self-Evolving Code-with-Image Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Routing Before Looking: Query-Adaptive Evidence Acquisition for Long-form Video Understandingcited by 1
- 2026VC-Tooler: Learning Compositional and Adaptive Visual Tool Usecited by 0
- 2026When Should a VLM Look? Paying Only for Visual Calls That Were Needed and Usedcited by 0
2 more
- 2026Rethinking Multi-Image Re-Representation in Multi-Image Understanding30 Sep 2026
- 2026VLM-in-Sandbox: Visual Workspaces for Agentic Visual Reasoning21 Sep 2026
- 2026When Should a VLM Look? Paying Only for Visual Calls That Were Needed and Used19 Sep 2026
- 2026Routing Before Looking: Query-Adaptive Evidence Acquisition for Long-form Video Understanding21 Aug 2026
- 2026Self-Evolving Code-with-Image Reasoning11 Aug 2026
- 2026VC-Tooler: Learning Compositional and Adaptive Visual Tool Use3 Aug 2026
- 2026Beacon: Knowing When and How to Perform Agentic Visual Reasoning30 Jul 2026
- 2026FaithEyes: Towards Faithful Tool Use via Multi-Agent Process-Image Verification30 Jul 2026
- 2026Perceive-to-Reason: Decoupling Perception and Reasoning for Fine-Grained Visual Reasoning1 Jul 2026
- 2026TACO: Tool-Augmented Credit Optimization for Agentic Tool Use29 Jun 2026
- 2026OPD-Evolver: Cultivating Holistic Agent Evolver via On-Policy Distillation16 Jun 2026
- 2026Agent Explorative Policy Optimization for Multimodal Agentic Reasoning27 May 2026
- 2026Perceive-to-Reason: Decoupling Perception and Reasoning for Fine-Grained Visual Reasoningcited by 3
- 2026Agent Explorative Policy Optimization for Multimodal Agentic Reasoningcited by 2
- 2026SpecEyes: Accelerating Agentic Multimodal LLMs via Speculative Perception and Planningcited by 1
- 2026FaithEyes: Towards Faithful Tool Use via Multi-Agent Process-Image Verificationcited by 1
- 2026Beacon: Knowing When and How to Perform Agentic Visual Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026VC-Tooler: Learning Compositional and Adaptive Visual Tool Usecited by 0
- 2026VLM-in-Sandbox: Visual Workspaces for Agentic Visual Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Rethinking Multi-Image Re-Representation in Multi-Image Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Rethinking Multi-Image Re-Representation in Multi-Image Understanding30 Sep 2026
- 2026VLM-in-Sandbox: Visual Workspaces for Agentic Visual Reasoning21 Sep 2026
- 2026VC-Tooler: Learning Compositional and Adaptive Visual Tool Use3 Aug 2026
- 2026Beacon: Knowing When and How to Perform Agentic Visual Reasoning30 Jul 2026
- 2026FaithEyes: Towards Faithful Tool Use via Multi-Agent Process-Image Verification30 Jul 2026
- 2026Perceive-to-Reason: Decoupling Perception and Reasoning for Fine-Grained Visual Reasoning1 Jul 2026
- 2026Agent Explorative Policy Optimization for Multimodal Agentic Reasoning27 May 2026
- 2026SpecEyes: Accelerating Agentic Multimodal LLMs via Speculative Perception and Planning24 Mar 2026
- 2026Self-Evolving Code-with-Image Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Self-Evolving Code-with-Image Reasoning11 Aug 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025SenseNova-MARS: Empowering Multimodal Agentic Reasoning and Search via Reinforcement Learning
- 2025PeRL: Permutation-Enhanced Reinforcement Learning for Interleaved Vision-Language Reasoning
- 2026Walk the Talk: Bridging the Reasoning-Action Gap for Thinking with Images via Multimodal Agentic Policy Optimization
- 2025Mitigating Visual Context Degradation in Large Multimodal Models: A Training-Free Decoupled Agentic Framework
- 2026ToolArtist: Tool-Using Unified Multimodal Models for Agentic Image Generation
- 2026Weaver: End-to-End Agentic System Training for Video Interleaved Reasoning
- 2026Gym-V: A Unified Vision Environment System for Agentic Vision Research
- 2026EasyVideoR1: Easier RL for Video Understanding