mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PyVision-RL: Forging Open Agentic Vision Models via RL

arXiv 2602.20739 ↗First posted 24 Feb 2026cs.AI cs.CVcited by 14

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Multimodal and embodied agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Reinforcement learning for agentic multimodal models often suffers from interaction collapse, where models learn to reduce tool usage and multi-turn reasoning, limiting the benefits of agentic behavior. We introduce PyVision-RL, a reinforcement learning framework for open-weight multimodal models that stabilizes training and sustains interaction. Our approach combines an oversampling-filtering-ranking rollout strategy with an accumulative tool reward to prevent collapse and encourage multi-turn tool use. Using a unified training pipeline, we develop PyVision-Image and PyVision-Video for image and video understanding. For video reasoning, PyVision-Video employs on-demand context construction, selectively sampling task-relevant frames during reasoning to significantly reduce visual token usage. Experiments show strong performance and improved efficiency, demonstrating that sustained interaction and on-demand visual processing are critical for scalable multimodal agents.

Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 53 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Feb 2026.

Builds on

53 of 64 references.

Closest ancestors · 7

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026AdaReasoner: Dynamic Tool Orchestration for Iterative Visual Reasoning26 Jan
  2. 2025LongVT: Incentivizing "Thinking with Long Videos" via Native Tool Calling25 Nov
  3. 2025CodeV: Code with Images for Faithful Visual Reasoning via Tool-Aware Policy Optimization24 Nov
  4. 2025Agentic Video Intelligence: A Flexible Framework for Advanced Video Exploration and Understanding18 Nov
  5. 2025DeepEyesV2: Toward Agentic Multimodal Model7 Nov
  6. 2025TIR-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Agentic Thinking-with-Images Reasoning3 Nov
  7. 2025PyVision: Agentic Vision with Dynamic Tooling10 Jul

Other references · 46

  1. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  2. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
  3. 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,678
  4. 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,449
  5. 2024LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Modelscited by 1,442
  6. 2025Understanding R1-Zero-Like Training: A Critical Perspectivecited by 1,276
  7. 2025Group Sequence Policy Optimizationcited by 788
  8. 2023ViperGPT: Visual Inference via Python Execution for Reasoningcited by 591
  9. 2024Thinking in Space: How Multimodal Large Language Models See, Remember, and Recall Spacescited by 580
  10. 2024MathVerse: Does Your Multi-modal LLM Truly See the Diagrams in Visual Math Problems?cited by 573
  11. 2024Executable Code Actions Elicit Better LLM Agentscited by 537
  12. 2024Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision Datasetcited by 516
34 more
  1. 2023MM-REACT: Prompting ChatGPT for Multimodal Reasoning and Actioncited by 511
  2. 2022Visual Programming: Compositional visual reasoning without trainingcited by 507
  3. 2025Video-R1: Reinforcing Video Reasoning in MLLMscited by 464
  4. 2023V*: Guided Visual Search as a Core Mechanism in Multimodal LLMscited by 459
  5. 2021InfographicVQAcited by 430
  6. 2025VL-Rethinker: Incentivizing Self-Reflection of Vision-Language Models with Reinforcement Learningcited by 315
  7. 2024LongVILA: Scaling Long-Context Visual Language Models for Long Videoscited by 303
  8. 2025MM-Eureka: Exploring the Frontiers of Multimodal Reasoning with Rule-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 294
  9. 2024We-Math: Does Your Large Multimodal Model Achieve Human-like Mathematical Reasoning?cited by 281
  10. 2025Pixel Reasoner: Incentivizing Pixel-Space Reasoning with Curiosity-Driven Reinforcement Learningcited by 267
  11. 2025MiniMax-M1: Scaling Test-Time Compute Efficiently with Lightning Attentioncited by 248
  12. 2024Enhancing the Reasoning Ability of Multimodal Large Language Models via Mixed Preference Optimizationcited by 238
  13. 2026MiMo-V2-Flash Technical Reportcited by 163
  14. 2025Thyme: Think Beyond Imagescited by 160
  15. 2025SpaceR: Reinforcing MLLMs in Video Spatial Reasoningcited by 152
  16. 2024Divide, Conquer and Combine: A Training-Free Framework for High-Resolution Image Perception in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 151
  17. 2025SimpleTIR: End-to-End Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Turn Tool-Integrated Reasoningcited by 145
  18. 2024DynaMath: A Dynamic Visual Benchmark for Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning Robustness of Vision Language Modelscited by 143
  19. 2025Mini-o3: Scaling Up Reasoning Patterns and Interaction Turns for Visual Searchcited by 116
  20. 2025Geometric-Mean Policy Optimizationcited by 107
  21. 2025Soft Adaptive Policy Optimizationcited by 89
  22. 2025Thinking With Videos: Multimodal Tool-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Long Video Reasoningcited by 88
  23. 2025Scaling RL to Long Videoscited by 83
  24. 2025Stabilizing MoE Reinforcement Learning by Aligning Training and Inference Routerscited by 67
  25. 2024Adaptive Data Optimization: Dynamic Sample Selection with Scaling Lawscited by 46
  26. 2025Think or Not Think: A Study of Explicit Thinking in Rule-Based Visual Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 44
  27. 2025Open-o3-Video: Grounded Video Reasoning with Explicit Spatio-Temporal Evidencecited by 43
  28. 2025GMAI-VL-R1: Harnessing Reinforcement Learning for Multimodal Medical Reasoningcited by 39
  29. 2025Stabilizing Reinforcement Learning with LLMs: Formulation and Practicescited by 38
  30. 2025We-Math 2.0: A Versatile MathBook System for Incentivizing Visual Mathematical Reasoningcited by 32
  31. 2025V-Thinker: Interactive Thinking with Imagescited by 26
  32. 2025CodeDance: A Dynamic Tool-integrated MLLM for Executable Visual Reasoningcited by 16
  33. 2025Play to Generalize: Learning to Reason Through Game Playcited by 15
  34. 2025Thinking with Programming Vision: Towards a Unified View for Thinking with Imagescited by 13

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 14.

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  1. 2025SenseNova-MARS: Empowering Multimodal Agentic Reasoning and Search via Reinforcement Learning
  2. 2025PeRL: Permutation-Enhanced Reinforcement Learning for Interleaved Vision-Language Reasoning
  3. 2026Walk the Talk: Bridging the Reasoning-Action Gap for Thinking with Images via Multimodal Agentic Policy Optimization
  4. 2025Mitigating Visual Context Degradation in Large Multimodal Models: A Training-Free Decoupled Agentic Framework
  5. 2026ToolArtist: Tool-Using Unified Multimodal Models for Agentic Image Generation
  6. 2026Weaver: End-to-End Agentic System Training for Video Interleaved Reasoning
  7. 2026Gym-V: A Unified Vision Environment System for Agentic Vision Research
  8. 2026EasyVideoR1: Easier RL for Video Understanding