SAGE: Scalable AI Governance & Evaluation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Evaluating relevance in large-scale search systems is fundamentally constrained by the governance gap between nuanced, resource-constrained human oversight and the high-throughput requirements of production systems. While traditional approaches rely on engagement proxies or sparse manual review, these methods often fail to capture the full scope of high-impact relevance failures. We present SAGE (Scalable AI Governance & Evaluation), a framework that operationalizes high-quality human product judgment as a scalable evaluation signal. At the core of SAGE is a bidirectional calibration loop where natural-language Policy, curated Precedent, and an LLM Surrogate Judge co-evolve. SAGE systematically resolves semantic ambiguities and misalignments, transforming subjective relevance judgment into an executable, multi-dimensional rubric with near human-level agreement. To bridge the gap between frontier model reasoning and industrial-scale inference, we apply teacher-student distillation to transfer high-fidelity judgments into compact student surrogates at 92× lower cost. Deployed within LinkedIn Search ecosystems, SAGE guided model iteration through simulation-driven development, distilling policy-aligned models for online serving and enabling rapid offline evaluation. In production, it powered policy oversight that measured ramped model variants and detected regressions invisible to engagement metrics. Collectively, these drove a 0.25% lift in LinkedIn daily active users.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Feb 2026.
Builds on
21 of 42 references.
References · 21
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
- 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,324
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
- 2021Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learnerscited by 3,780
- 2022Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedbackcited by 3,050
- 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,276
- 2024A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 1,423
- 2019ZeRO: Memory Optimizations Toward Training Trillion Parameter Modelscited by 1,301
- 2023LIMA: Less Is More for Alignmentcited by 1,100
- 2023Large Language Models are not Fair Evaluatorscited by 1,085
- 2020Beyond Accuracy: Behavioral Testing of NLP models with CheckListcited by 1,006
- 2023Prometheus: Inducing Fine-grained Evaluation Capability in Language Modelscited by 575
9 more
- 2023FLASK: Fine-grained Language Model Evaluation based on Alignment Skill Setscited by 201
- 2019Are We Modeling the Task or the Annotator? An Investigation of Annotator Bias in Natural Language Understanding Datasetscited by 175
- 2016Unbiased Learning-to-Rank with Biased Feedbackcited by 157
- 2023Large language models can accurately predict searcher preferencescited by 131
- 2025VLM as Policy: Common-Law Content Moderation Framework for Short Video Platformcited by 21
- 2024Large Language Models as Evaluators for Recommendation Explanationscited by 19
- 2025Training an LLM-as-a-Judge Model: Pipeline, Insights, and Practical Lessonscited by 9
- 2025Curse of Knowledge: When Complex Evaluation Context Benefits yet Biases LLM Judgescited by 7
- 2025A Practical Guide for Evaluating LLMs and LLM-Reliant Systemscited by 3
Built on by
Not cited yet.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026SAGE: Steerable Agentic Data Generation for Deep Search with Execution Feedback
- 2026SAGE: Benchmarking and Improving Retrieval for Deep Research Agents
- 2026Completing Missing Annotation: Multi-Agent Debate for Accurate and Scalable Relevant Assessment for IR Benchmarks
- 2025Scalable and Reliable Evaluation of AI Knowledge Retrieval Systems: RIKER and the Coherent Simulated Universe
- 2025Mind2Web 2: Evaluating Agentic Search with Agent-as-a-Judge
- 2026Rethinking Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval: Evaluating and Advancing Retrievers in Agentic Search Systems
- 2025SAGE: A Realistic Benchmark for Semantic Understanding
- 2026HIERA: Hierarchical Multi-Agent Relevance Assessment for Content Discovery Systems