IRIS: Implicit Reward-Guided Internal Sifting for Mitigating Multimodal Hallucination
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Hallucination mitigation in LVLMs
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Abstract (arXiv)
Hallucination remains a fundamental challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). While Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a key alignment framework, existing approaches often rely heavily on costly external evaluators for scoring or rewriting, incurring off-policy learnability gaps and discretization loss. Due to the lack of access to internal states, such feedback overlooks the fine-grained conflicts between different modalities that lead to hallucinations during generation. To address this issue, we propose IRIS (Implicit Reward-Guided Internal Sifting), which leverages continuous implicit rewards in the native log-probability space to preserve full information density and capture internal modal competition. This on-policy paradigm eliminates learnability gaps by utilizing self-generated preference pairs. By sifting these pairs based on multimodal implicit rewards, IRIS ensures that optimization is driven by signals that directly resolve modal conflicts. Extensive experiments demonstrate that IRIS achieves highly competitive performance on key hallucination benchmarks using only 5.7k samples, without requiring any external feedback during preference alignment. These results confirm that IRIS provides an efficient and principled paradigm for mitigating MLLM hallucinations.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Hallucination mitigation in LVLMs, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 36 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Feb 2026.
Builds on
36 of 42 references.
Closest ancestors · 17
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Mitigating Visual Hallucinations via Semantic Curriculum Preference Optimization in MLLMs29 Sep
- 2025Mitigating Hallucination Through Theory-Consistent Symmetric Multimodal Preference Optimization13 Jun
- 2025LPOI: Listwise Preference Optimization for Vision Language Models27 May
- 2025CHiP: Cross-modal Hierarchical Direct Preference Optimization for Multimodal LLMs28 Jan
- 2025Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models via DPO: On-Policy Data Hold the Key16 Jan
- 2024Systematic Reward Gap Optimization for Mitigating VLM Hallucinations26 Nov
- 2024V-DPO: Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision Language Models via Vision-Guided Direct Preference Optimization5 Nov
- 2024The Curse of Multi-Modalities: Evaluating Hallucinations of Large Multimodal Models across Language, Visual, and Audio16 Oct
- 2024CLIP-DPO: Vision-Language Models as a Source of Preference for Fixing Hallucinations in LVLMs19 Aug
- 2024Mitigating Object Hallucination in MLLMs via Data-augmented Phrase-level Alignment28 May
- 2024Automated Multi-level Preference for MLLMs18 May
- 2024HALC: Object Hallucination Reduction via Adaptive Focal-Contrast Decoding1 Mar
5 more
- 2024A Survey on Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models1 Feb
- 2023RLHF-V: Towards Trustworthy MLLMs via Behavior Alignment from Fine-grained Correctional Human Feedback1 Dec
- 2023Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models through Visual Contrastive Decoding28 Nov
- 2023Beyond Hallucinations: Enhancing LVLMs through Hallucination-Aware Direct Preference Optimization28 Nov
- 2023AMBER: An LLM-free Multi-dimensional Benchmark for MLLMs Hallucination Evaluation13 Nov
Other references · 19
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 7,916
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
- 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuningcited by 2,855
- 2023Aligning Large Multimodal Models with Factually Augmented RLHFcited by 703
- 2023The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)cited by 677
- 2018Object Hallucination in Image Captioningcited by 661
- 2024Mini-Gemini: Mining the Potential of Multi-modality Vision Language Modelscited by 361
- 2024Direct Language Model Alignment from Online AI Feedbackcited by 257
- 2024From r to Q^*: Your Language Model is Secretly a Q-Functioncited by 242
- 2024Aligning Modalities in Vision Large Language Models via Preference Fine-tuningcited by 197
7 more
- 2024Preference Fine-Tuning of LLMs Should Leverage Suboptimal, On-Policy Datacited by 184
- 2024Strengthening Multimodal Large Language Model with Bootstrapped Preference Optimizationcited by 75
- 2024Bootstrapping Language Models with DPO Implicit Rewardscited by 53
- 2025Improving LLM-as-a-Judge Inference with the Judgment Distributioncited by 36
- 2025Generalist Reward Models: Found Inside Large Language Modelscited by 34
- 2025The Delta Learning Hypothesis: Preference Tuning on Weak Data can Yield Strong Gainscited by 25
- 2025Implicit Reward as the Bridge: A Unified View of SFT and DPO Connectionscited by 17
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- 2026Mitigating Multimodal Hallucination via Phase-wise Self-reward
- 2026Grounded Post-Training with Hard Examples for Reducing Hallucination in Multimodal Large Language Models
- 2026Unified Hallucination Fuzzing for Multimodal Large Language Models
- 2025Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models via Entity-Centric Multimodal Preference Optimization
- 2025Optimizing LVLMs with On-Policy Data for Effective Hallucination Mitigation
- 2026Aligning with Your Own Voice: Self-Corrected Preference Learning for Hallucination Mitigation in LVLMs