mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Optimizing LVLMs with On-Policy Data for Effective Hallucination Mitigation

arXiv 2512.00706 ↗First posted 30 Nov 2025cs.CV cs.AIcited by 4

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Hallucination mitigation in LVLMs

Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have risen to be a promising approach for multimodal tasks. However, principled hallucination mitigation remains a critical challenge.In this work, we first analyze the data generation process in LVLM hallucination mitigation and affirm that on-policy data significantly outperforms off-policy data, which thus calls for efficient and reliable preference annotation of on-policy data. We then point out that, existing annotation methods introduce additional hallucination in training samples, which may enhance the model's hallucination patterns, to address this problem, we propose training a hallucination classifier giving binary annotations, which guarantee clean chosen samples for the subsequent alignment. To further harness of the power of on-policy data, we design a robust iterative direct preference optimization (DPO) algorithm adopting a dynamic sample reweighting scheme. We conduct comprehensive experiments on three benchmarks with comparison to 8 state-of-the-art baselines. In particular, our approach reduces the hallucination rate of LLaVA-1.5-7B on MMHalBench by 50.8% and the average hallucination rate on Object HalBench by 79.5%; more significantly, our method fully taps into the potential of open-source models, enabling LLaVA-1.5-13B to even surpass the performance of GPT-4V.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Hallucination mitigation in LVLMs, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 49 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Nov 2025.

Builds on

49 of 60 references.

Closest ancestors · 11

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models via DPO: On-Policy Data Hold the Key16 Jan
  2. 2024V-DPO: Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision Language Models via Vision-Guided Direct Preference Optimization5 Nov
  3. 2024VACoDe: Visual Augmented Contrastive Decoding26 Jul
  4. 2024Mitigating Object Hallucination in MLLMs via Data-augmented Phrase-level Alignment28 May
  5. 2024Detecting and Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision Language Models via Fine-Grained AI Feedback22 Apr
  6. 2024Multi-Modal Hallucination Control by Visual Information Grounding20 Mar
  7. 2023RLHF-V: Towards Trustworthy MLLMs via Behavior Alignment from Fine-grained Correctional Human Feedback1 Dec
  8. 2023Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models through Visual Contrastive Decoding28 Nov
  9. 2023Beyond Hallucinations: Enhancing LVLMs through Hallucination-Aware Direct Preference Optimization28 Nov
  10. 2023AMBER: An LLM-free Multi-dimensional Benchmark for MLLMs Hallucination Evaluation13 Nov
  11. 2023Volcano: Mitigating Multimodal Hallucination through Self-Feedback Guided Revision13 Nov

Other references · 38

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
  3. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  4. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
  5. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  6. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  7. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
  8. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
  9. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
  10. 2018Neural Ordinary Differential Equationscited by 3,779
  11. 2022Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 3,720
  12. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
26 more
  1. 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,109
  2. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,565
  3. 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,141
  4. 2023A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questionscited by 1,601
  5. 2018Generalized Cross Entropy Loss for Training Deep Neural Networks with Noisy Labelscited by 997
  6. 2019Advantage-Weighted Regression: Simple and Scalable Off-Policy Reinforcement Learningcited by 782
  7. 2023Aligning Large Multimodal Models with Factually Augmented RLHFcited by 712
  8. 2018Object Hallucination in Image Captioningcited by 669
  9. 2023Iterative Preference Learning from Human Feedback: Bridging Theory and Practice for RLHF under KL-Constraintcited by 350
  10. 2024Is DPO Superior to PPO for LLM Alignment? A Comprehensive Studycited by 262
  11. 2024Direct Language Model Alignment from Online AI Feedbackcited by 260
  12. 2024Aligning Modalities in Vision Large Language Models via Preference Fine-tuningcited by 198
  13. 2024Preference Fine-Tuning of LLMs Should Leverage Suboptimal, On-Policy Datacited by 185
  14. 2024RLAIF-V: Open-Source AI Feedback Leads to Super GPT-4V Trustworthinesscited by 131
  15. 2021Provably Efficient Reinforcement Learning with Linear Function Approximation Under Adaptivity Constraintscited by 124
  16. 2024BoNBoN Alignment for Large Language Models and the Sweetness of Best-of-n Samplingcited by 121
  17. 2024Understanding the performance gap between online and offline alignment algorithmscited by 110
  18. 2024Learning Dynamics of LLM Finetuningcited by 95
  19. 2024mDPO: Conditional Preference Optimization for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 92
  20. 2025On-Policy RL Meets Off-Policy Experts: Harmonizing Supervised Fine-Tuning and Reinforcement Learning via Dynamic Weightingcited by 91
  21. 2024β-DPO: Direct Preference Optimization with Dynamic βcited by 90
  22. 2024Calibrated Self-Rewarding Vision Language Modelscited by 78
  23. 2024Strengthening Multimodal Large Language Model with Bootstrapped Preference Optimizationcited by 75
  24. 2024VLFeedback: A Large-Scale AI Feedback Dataset for Large Vision-Language Models Alignmentcited by 58
  25. 2024FGAIF: Aligning Large Vision-Language Models with Fine-grained AI Feedbackcited by 30
  26. 2024Optimal Design for Reward Modeling in RLHFcited by 25

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Mitigating Hallucination in Multimodal Large Language Model via Hallucination-targeted Direct Preference Optimization
  2. 2026Test-Time Hallucination Control in Large Vision-Language Models
  3. 2026Grounded Post-Training with Hard Examples for Reducing Hallucination in Multimodal Large Language Models
  4. 2025Mitigating Image Captioning Hallucinations in Vision-Language Models
  5. 2025Mitigating Hallucination Through Theory-Consistent Symmetric Multimodal Preference Optimization
  6. 2024Hallucination in Multimodal Foundation Models: A Survey on Causes, Corrections, and Evaluations
  7. 2025TARS: MinMax Token-Adaptive Preference Strategy for Hallucination Reduction in MLLMs
  8. 2026Aligning with Your Own Voice: Self-Corrected Preference Learning for Hallucination Mitigation in LVLMs