mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

GraphAllocBench: A Flexible Benchmark for Preference-Conditioned Multi-Objective Policy Learning

arXiv 2601.20753 ↗First posted 28 Jan 2026cs.LGcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

Preference-Conditioned Policy Learning (PCPL) in Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning (MORL) approximates diverse Pareto-optimal solutions by conditioning a single policy on user-specified preferences, enabling run-time adaptation to arbitrary trade-offs without retraining. However, existing PCPL benchmarks are largely restricted to toy tasks and fixed environments, limiting their realism and scalability. To address this gap, we introduce GraphAllocBench, a flexible benchmark built on CityPlannerEnv, a novel graph-based resource allocation sandbox inspired by city management. GraphAllocBench provides a rich suite of problems with customizable objective functions, varying preference conditions, complex Pareto Fronts, and high-dimensional scalability. We further propose two supplementary metrics -- Proportion of Non-Dominated Solutions (PNDS) and Ordering Score (OS) -- that capture prediction reliability and preference consistency while complementing the widely used hypervolume metric. Through experiments with several state-of-the-art PCPL algorithms and our own MLP and graph-aware PCPL-PPO baseline, we show that GraphAllocBench exposes distinct failure modes that hypervolume alone does not capture but our supplementary metrics reveal, while motivating graph-based approaches such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for scaling to complex, high-dimensional allocation tasks. By letting users freely vary objectives, preferences, and allocation rules, GraphAllocBench serves as a versatile and extensible testbed for advancing PCPL.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Jan 2026.

Builds on

25 of 52 references.

References · 25

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  3. 2017Graph Attention Networkscited by 8,854
  4. 2020Heterogeneous Graph Transformercited by 581
  5. 2020pymoo: Multi-objective Optimization in Pythoncited by 196
  6. 2019A Generalized Algorithm for Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning and Policy Adaptationcited by 166
  7. 2024Precise and Dexterous Robotic Manipulation via Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learningcited by 153
  8. 2019A Survey of Deep Reinforcement Learning in Video Gamescited by 73
  9. 2021Maximum Entropy Population-Based Training for Zero-Shot Human-AI Coordinationcited by 69
  10. 2022Pareto Set Learning for Neural Multi-objective Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 56
  11. 2022PD-MORL: Preference-Driven Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning Algorithmcited by 51
  12. 2024Smooth Tchebycheff Scalarization for Multi-Objective Optimizationcited by 50
13 more
  1. 2023Scaling Pareto-Efficient Decision Making Via Offline Multi-Objective RLcited by 36
  2. 2021Pick Your Battles: Interaction Graphs as Population-Level Objectives for Strategic Diversitycited by 22
  3. 2025Pareto Set Learning for Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learningcited by 18
  4. 2024Reinforcement Learning Within the Classical Robotics Stack: A Case Study in Robot Soccercited by 5
  5. 2023Double Oracle Algorithm for Game-Theoretic Robot Allocation on Graphscited by 4
  6. 2024Federated reinforcement learning for robot motion planning with zero-shot generalizationcited by 3
  7. 2024Role Play: Learning Adaptive Role-Specific Strategies in Multi-Agent Interactionscited by 3
  8. 2021Dynamic Defender-Attacker Blotto Gamecited by 2
  9. 2024A Novel Pareto-optimal Ranking Method for Comparing Multi-objective Optimization Algorithmscited by 2
  10. 2025GrapheonRL: A Graph Neural Network and Reinforcement Learning Framework for Constraint and Data-Aware Workflow Mapping and Scheduling in Heterogeneous HPC Systemscited by 2
  11. 2021A Review of the Deep Sea Treasure problem as a Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning Benchmarkcited by 1
  12. 2025Reinforcement Learning for Game-Theoretic Resource Allocation on Graphscited by 1
  13. 2025RLHGNN: Reinforcement Learning-driven Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network for Next Activity Prediction in Business Processescited by 1

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

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  2. 2025Preference-based Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning
  3. 2021On Multi-objective Policy Optimization as a Tool for Reinforcement Learning: Case Studies in Offline RL and Finetuning
  4. 2024MODULI: Unlocking Preference Generalization via Diffusion Models for Offline Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning
  5. 2024Policy-regularized Offline Multi-objective Reinforcement Learning
  6. 2026LEMUR: Learning to Align with Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning from Preference Feedback
  7. 2026Balancing Multiple Objectives in Urban Traffic Control with Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback
  8. 2026A Better Spur Should Start From Each Objective