mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Lumina-DiMOO: An Omni Diffusion Large Language Model for Multi-Modal Generation and Understanding

arXiv 2510.06308 ↗First posted 7 Oct 2025cs.CVcited by 83

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce Lumina-DiMOO, an open-source foundational model for seamless multi-modal generation and understanding. Lumina-DiMOO sets itself apart from prior unified models by utilizing a fully discrete diffusion modeling to handle inputs and outputs across various modalities. This innovative approach allows Lumina-DiMOO to achieve higher sampling efficiency compared to previous autoregressive (AR) or hybrid AR-Diffusion paradigms and adeptly support a broad spectrum of multi-modal tasks, including text-to-image generation, image-to-image generation (e.g., image editing, subject-driven generation, and image inpainting, etc.), as well as image understanding. Lumina-DiMOO achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple benchmarks, surpassing existing open-source unified multi-modal models. To foster further advancements in multi-modal and discrete diffusion model research, we release our code and checkpoints to the community. Project Page: https://synbol.github.io/Lumina-DiMOO.

Key facts. Cited by 83 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 104 of its 112 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Oct 2025.

Builds on

104 of 112 references.

Closest ancestors · 20

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025LLaDA-V: Large Language Diffusion Models with Visual Instruction Tuning22 May
  2. 2025LaViDa: A Large Diffusion Language Model for Multimodal Understanding22 May
  3. 2025MMaDA: Multimodal Large Diffusion Language Models21 May
  4. 2025BLIP3-o: A Family of Fully Open Unified Multimodal Models-Architecture, Training and Dataset14 May
  5. 2025From Reflection to Perfection: Scaling Inference-Time Optimization for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models via Reflection Tuning22 Apr
  6. 2025VisualCloze: A Universal Image Generation Framework via Visual In-Context Learning10 Apr
  7. 2024Dual Diffusion for Unified Image Generation and Understanding31 Dec
  8. 2024JanusFlow: Harmonizing Autoregression and Rectified Flow for Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation12 Nov
  9. 2024OmniEdit: Building Image Editing Generalist Models Through Specialist Supervision11 Nov
  10. 2024Meissonic: Revitalizing Masked Generative Transformers for Efficient High-Resolution Text-to-Image Synthesis10 Oct
  11. 2024Emu3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Need27 Sep
  12. 2024OmniGen: Unified Image Generation17 Sep
8 more
  1. 2024VILA-U: a Unified Foundation Model Integrating Visual Understanding and Generation6 Sep
  2. 2024Towards Understanding the Working Mechanism of Text-to-Image Diffusion Model24 May
  3. 2024ELLA: Equip Diffusion Models with LLM for Enhanced Semantic Alignment8 Mar
  4. 2024Playground v2.5: Three Insights towards Enhancing Aesthetic Quality in Text-to-Image Generation27 Feb
  5. 2024aMUSEd: An Open MUSE Reproduction3 Jan
  6. 2023GenEval: An Object-Focused Framework for Evaluating Text-to-Image Alignment17 Oct
  7. 2023Kandinsky: an Improved Text-to-Image Synthesis with Image Prior and Latent Diffusion5 Oct
  8. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models10 Feb

Other references · 84

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  3. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  4. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
  5. 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,764
  6. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
  7. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
  8. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,362
  9. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,290
  10. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,151
  11. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,094
  12. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,534
38 more
  1. 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,179
  2. 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,105
  3. 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,044
  4. 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,769
  5. 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,696
  6. 2021Structured Denoising Diffusion Models in Discrete State-Spacescited by 1,665
  7. 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scalingcited by 1,573
  8. 2021LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairscited by 1,544
  9. 2025InternVL3.5: Advancing Open-Source Multimodal Models in Versatility, Reasoning, and Efficiencycited by 1,419
  10. 2021Conceptual 12M: Pushing Web-Scale Image-Text Pre-Training To Recognize Long-Tail Visual Conceptscited by 1,209
  11. 2022MaskGIT: Masked Generative Image Transformercited by 1,082
  12. 2021MUSIQ: Multi-scale Image Quality Transformercited by 1,058
  13. 2024How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suitescited by 1,033
  14. 2023SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehensioncited by 929
  15. 2024Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Modelscited by 904
  16. 2023A Survey on Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 898
  17. 2025Large Language Diffusion Modelscited by 872
  18. 2025Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretrainingcited by 855
  19. 2023PixArt-α: Fast Training of Diffusion Transformer for Photorealistic Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 854
  20. 2024Simple and Effective Masked Diffusion Language Modelscited by 800
  21. 2025Janus-Pro: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Data and Model Scalingcited by 787
  22. 2024Autoregressive Model Beats Diffusion: Llama for Scalable Image Generationcited by 760
  23. 2024Show-o: One Single Transformer to Unify Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 734
  24. 2023Discrete Diffusion Modeling by Estimating the Ratios of the Data Distributioncited by 712
  25. 2022MANIQA: Multi-dimension Attention Network for No-Reference Image Quality Assessmentcited by 514
  26. 2024Transfusion: Predict the Next Token and Diffuse Images with One Multi-Modal Modelcited by 468
  27. 2024Janus: Decoupling Visual Encoding for Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 447
  28. 2023Generative Multimodal Models are In-Context Learnerscited by 446
  29. 2025Fast-dLLM: Training-free Acceleration of Diffusion LLM by Enabling KV Cache and Parallel Decodingcited by 404
  30. 2024Your Absorbing Discrete Diffusion Secretly Models the Conditional Distributions of Clean Datacited by 371
  31. 2024OminiControl: Minimal and Universal Control for Diffusion Transformercited by 334
  32. 2024SANA: Efficient High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Linear Diffusion Transformerscited by 331
  33. 2024SEED-X: Multimodal Models with Unified Multi-granularity Comprehension and Generationcited by 328
  34. 2025LLaDA 1.5: Variance-Reduced Preference Optimization for Large Language Diffusion Modelscited by 273
  35. 2024UltraEdit: Instruction-based Fine-Grained Image Editing at Scalecited by 266
  36. 2025OmniGen2: Towards Instruction-Aligned Multimodal Generationcited by 241
  37. 2024AnyEdit: Mastering Unified High-Quality Image Editing for Any Ideacited by 235
  38. 2025Transfer between Modalities with MetaQueriescited by 231

50 most cited of 84 All 84 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 18; 2026: 65.

83 papers.

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  1. 2025Thinking with Video: Video Generation as a Promising Multimodal Reasoning Paradigmcited by 41
  2. 2025HUD: Hierarchical Uncertainty-Aware Disambiguation Network for Composed Video Retrievalcited by 32
  3. 2026Beyond Language Modeling: An Exploration of Multimodal Pretrainingcited by 32
  4. 2026LongCat-Next: Lexicalizing Modalities as Discrete Tokenscited by 30
  5. 2026SenseNova-U1: Unifying Multimodal Understanding and Generation with NEO-unify Architecturecited by 27
  6. 2025UniGenBench++: A Unified Semantic Evaluation Benchmark for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 23
  7. 2025UniREditBench: A Unified Reasoning-based Image Editing Benchmarkcited by 23
  8. 2026InternVL-U: Democratizing Unified Multimodal Models for Understanding, Reasoning, Generation and Editingcited by 23
  9. 2026Tuna-2: Pixel Embeddings Beat Vision Encoders for Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 17
  10. 2025A Survey on Cache Methods in Diffusion Models: Toward Efficient Multi-Modal Generationcited by 14
  11. 2026DeepGen 1.0: A Lightweight Unified Multimodal Model for Advancing Image Generation and Editingcited by 14
  12. 2025PICABench: How Far Are We from Physically Realistic Image Editing?cited by 13
38 more
  1. 2025DraCo: Draft as CoT for Text-to-Image Preview and Rare Concept Generationcited by 13
  2. 2025UniMedVL: Unifying Medical Multimodal Understanding and Generation through Observation-Knowledge-Analysiscited by 12
  3. 2025SDAR-VL: Stable and Efficient Block-wise Diffusion for Vision-Language Understandingcited by 12
  4. 2026LLaDA2.0-Uni: Unifying Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Diffusion Large Language Modelcited by 12
  5. 2026Improved Large Language Diffusion Modelscited by 12
  6. 2026UniReason 1.0: A Unified Reasoning Framework for World Knowledge Aligned Image Generation and Editingcited by 11
  7. 2026Lance: Unified Multimodal Modeling by Multi-Task Synergycited by 11
  8. 2026Bernini: Latent Semantic Planning for Video Diffusioncited by 11
  9. 2026ThinkRL-Edit: Thinking in Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning-Centric Image Editingcited by 10
  10. 2025Does Understanding Inform Generation in Unified Multimodal Models? From Analysis to Path Forwardcited by 9
  11. 2026Omni-Diffusion: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Masked Discrete Diffusioncited by 9
  12. 2025MMaDA-Parallel: Multimodal Large Diffusion Language Models for Thinking-Aware Editing and Generationcited by 8
  13. 2026LLaDA-o: An Effective and Length-Adaptive Omni Diffusion Modelcited by 8
  14. 2026Prism: Efficient Test-Time Scaling via Hierarchical Search and Self-Verification for Discrete Diffusion Language Modelscited by 7
  15. 2026LaViDa-R1: Advancing Reasoning for Unified Multimodal Diffusion Language Modelscited by 6
  16. 2026CoCo: Code as CoT for Text-to-Image Preview and Rare Concept Generationcited by 6
  17. 2026Edit-Compass & EditReward-Compass: A Unified Benchmark for Image Editing and Reward Modelingcited by 6
  18. 2025From Masks to Worlds: A Hitchhiker's Guide to World Modelscited by 5
  19. 2025Adaptive Detector-Verifier Framework for Zero-Shot Polyp Detection in Open-World Settingscited by 4
  20. 2025RecTok: Reconstruction Distillation along Rectified Flowcited by 4
  21. 2025Calibrated Multimodal Representation Learning with Missing Modalitiescited by 3
  22. 2026From Static Inference to Dynamic Interaction: A Survey of Streaming Large Language Modelscited by 3
  23. 2026SenseNova-U1.5: Towards Native Unified Visual Intelligencecited by 3
  24. 2025UmniBench: Unified Understand and Generation Model Oriented Omni-dimensional Benchmarkcited by 2
  25. 2025dMLLM-TTS: Self-Verified and Efficient Test-Time Scaling for Diffusion Multi-Modal Large Language Modelscited by 2
  26. 2026VidLaDA: Bidirectional Diffusion Large Language Models for Efficient Video Understandingcited by 2
  27. 2026DuoGen: Towards General Purpose Interleaved Multimodal Generationcited by 2
  28. 2026Training-Free Self-Correction for Multimodal Masked Diffusion Modelscited by 2
  29. 2026Dynin-Omni: Omnimodal Unified Large Diffusion Language Modelcited by 2
  30. 2026Dataset-Level Metrics Attenuate Non-Determinism: A Fine-Grained Non-Determinism Evaluation in Diffusion Language Modelscited by 2
  31. 2026Uncovering Understanding-Generation Synergy in Native Unified Multimodal Models: From Representation, Task to Systemcited by 2
  32. 2025ViewMask-1-to-3: Multi-View Consistent Image Generation via Multimodal Discrete Diffusion Modelscited by 1
  33. 2026LADR: Locality-Aware Dynamic Rescue for Efficient Text-to-Image Generation with Diffusion Large Language Modelscited by 1
  34. 2026GIDE: Unlocking Diffusion LLMs for Precise Training-Free Image Editingcited by 1
  35. 2026Seeing to Ground: Visual Attention for Hallucination-Resilient MDLLMscited by 1
  36. 2026STDec: Spatio-Temporal Stability Guided Decoding for dLLMscited by 1
  37. 2026Multi-Granularity Reasoning for Image Quality Assessment via Attribute-Aware Reinforcement Learning to Rankcited by 1
  38. 2026From Where Things Are to What They Are For: Benchmarking Spatial-Functional Intelligence in Multimodal LLMscited by 1

50 most cited of 83 All 83 (JSON)

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  2. 2024Multi-modal Generative AI: Multi-modal LLMs, Diffusions, and the Unification
  3. 2024Dimba: Transformer-Mamba Diffusion Models
  4. 2026MUNI: Multimodal Unified Latent Diffusion for Coherent Any-to-Any Generation
  5. 2025Unified Multimodal Discrete Diffusion
  6. 2024DiffX: Guide Your Layout to Cross-Modal Generative Modeling
  7. 2024DEEM: Diffusion Models Serve as the Eyes of Large Language Models for Image Perception
  8. 2023Efficient Multimodal Diffusion Models Using Joint Data Infilling with Partially Shared U-Net