mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PretrainZero: Reinforcement Active Pretraining

arXiv 2512.03442 ↗First posted 3 Dec 2025cs.CLcited by 8

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Abstract (arXiv)

Mimicking human behavior to actively learning from general experience and achieve artificial general intelligence has always been a human dream. Recent reinforcement learning (RL) based large-thinking models demonstrate impressive expert-level abilities, i.e., software and math, but still rely heavily on verifiable rewards in specific domains, placing a significant bottleneck to extend the performance boundary of general reasoning capabilities. In this work, we propose PretrainZero, a reinforcement active learning framework built on the pretraining corpus to extend RL from domain-specific post-training to general pretraining. PretrainZero features the following characteristics: 1) Active pretraining: inspired by the active learning ability of humans, PretrainZero learns a unified reasoning policy to actively identify reasonable and informative contents from pretraining corpus, and reason to predict these contents by RL. 2) Self-supervised learning: without any verifiable labels, pretrained reward models, or supervised fine-tuning, we directly pretrain reasoners from 3 to 30B base models on the general Wikipedia corpus using RL, significantly breaking the verification data-wall for general reasoning. 3) Verification scaling: by tackling increasingly challenging masked spans, PretrainZero substantially enhances the general reasoning abilities of pretrained base models. In reinforcement pretraining, PretrainZero improves Qwen3-4B-Base for 8.43, 5.96 and 10.60 on MMLU-Pro, SuperGPQA and math average benchmarks. In post-training, the pretrained models can also serve as reasoning foundation models for downstream RLVR tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Dec 2025.

Builds on

39 of 44 references.

References · 39

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27 more
  1. 2022Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 3,634
  2. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 7.

8 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025On the Interplay of Pre-Training, Mid-Training, and RL on Reasoning Language Models
  2. 2026Understanding Reasoning from Pretraining to Post-Training
  3. 2026Apriel-Reasoner: RL Post-Training for General-Purpose and Efficient Reasoning
  4. 2025Reasoning Under 1 Billion: Memory-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models
  5. 2025Absolute Zero: Reinforced Self-play Reasoning with Zero Data
  6. 2025Revisiting Reinforcement Learning for LLM Reasoning from A Cross-Domain Perspective
  7. 2026When Can LLMs Learn to Reason with Weak Supervision?
  8. 2026Self-Improving Pretraining: using post-trained models to pretrain better models