PretrainZero: Reinforcement Active Pretraining
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Abstract (arXiv)
Mimicking human behavior to actively learning from general experience and achieve artificial general intelligence has always been a human dream. Recent reinforcement learning (RL) based large-thinking models demonstrate impressive expert-level abilities, i.e., software and math, but still rely heavily on verifiable rewards in specific domains, placing a significant bottleneck to extend the performance boundary of general reasoning capabilities. In this work, we propose PretrainZero, a reinforcement active learning framework built on the pretraining corpus to extend RL from domain-specific post-training to general pretraining. PretrainZero features the following characteristics: 1) Active pretraining: inspired by the active learning ability of humans, PretrainZero learns a unified reasoning policy to actively identify reasonable and informative contents from pretraining corpus, and reason to predict these contents by RL. 2) Self-supervised learning: without any verifiable labels, pretrained reward models, or supervised fine-tuning, we directly pretrain reasoners from 3 to 30B base models on the general Wikipedia corpus using RL, significantly breaking the verification data-wall for general reasoning. 3) Verification scaling: by tackling increasingly challenging masked spans, PretrainZero substantially enhances the general reasoning abilities of pretrained base models. In reinforcement pretraining, PretrainZero improves Qwen3-4B-Base for 8.43, 5.96 and 10.60 on MMLU-Pro, SuperGPQA and math average benchmarks. In post-training, the pretrained models can also serve as reasoning foundation models for downstream RLVR tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Dec 2025.
Builds on
39 of 44 references.
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27 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 7.
8 papers.
- 2026Linguistics and Human Brain: A Perspective of Computational Neurosciencecited by 3
- 2026From P(y|x) to P(y): Investigating Reinforcement Learning in Pre-train Spacecited by 3
- 2026Cognitive Training for Language Models: Towards General Capabilities via Cross-Entropy Gamescited by 2
- 2025Diversity or Precision? A Deep Dive into Next Token Predictioncited by 1
- 2026ALIVE: Awakening LLM Reasoning via Adversarial Learning and Instructive Verbal Evaluationcited by 1
- 2026RL Excursions during Pre-Training: Re-examining Policy Optimization for LLM trainingcited by 1
- 2026MemTrain: Self-Supervised Context Memory Trainingcited by 0
- 2026T5: Twin-Critic Training for Token-Level Thoughts in Reinforcement Mid-Trainingcited by 0
- 2026T5: Twin-Critic Training for Token-Level Thoughts in Reinforcement Mid-Training26 Sep 2026
- 2026RL Excursions during Pre-Training: Re-examining Policy Optimization for LLM training2 Jun 2026
- 2026MemTrain: Self-Supervised Context Memory Training2 Jun 2026
- 2026From P(y|x) to P(y): Investigating Reinforcement Learning in Pre-train Space15 Apr 2026
- 2026Cognitive Training for Language Models: Towards General Capabilities via Cross-Entropy Games23 Mar 2026
- 2026Linguistics and Human Brain: A Perspective of Computational Neuroscience9 Feb 2026
- 2026ALIVE: Awakening LLM Reasoning via Adversarial Learning and Instructive Verbal Evaluation5 Feb 2026
- 2025Diversity or Precision? A Deep Dive into Next Token Prediction28 Dec 2025
Similar, not cited
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- 2025On the Interplay of Pre-Training, Mid-Training, and RL on Reasoning Language Models
- 2026Understanding Reasoning from Pretraining to Post-Training
- 2026Apriel-Reasoner: RL Post-Training for General-Purpose and Efficient Reasoning
- 2025Reasoning Under 1 Billion: Memory-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models
- 2025Absolute Zero: Reinforced Self-play Reasoning with Zero Data
- 2025Revisiting Reinforcement Learning for LLM Reasoning from A Cross-Domain Perspective
- 2026When Can LLMs Learn to Reason with Weak Supervision?
- 2026Self-Improving Pretraining: using post-trained models to pretrain better models