Revisiting Reinforcement Learning for LLM Reasoning from A Cross-Domain Perspective
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reinforcement learning for reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach to improve large language model (LLM) reasoning, yet most open efforts focus narrowly on math and code, limiting our understanding of its broader applicability to general reasoning. A key challenge lies in the lack of reliable, scalable RL reward signals across diverse reasoning domains. We introduce Guru, a curated RL reasoning corpus of 92K verifiable examples spanning six reasoning domains--Math, Code, Science, Logic, Simulation, and Tabular--each built through domain-specific reward design, deduplication, and filtering to ensure reliability and effectiveness for RL training. Based on Guru, we systematically revisit established findings in RL for LLM reasoning and observe significant variation across domains. For example, while prior work suggests that RL primarily elicits existing knowledge from pretrained models, our results reveal a more nuanced pattern: domains frequently seen during pretraining (Math, Code, Science) easily benefit from cross-domain RL training, while domains with limited pretraining exposure (Logic, Simulation, and Tabular) require in-domain training to achieve meaningful performance gains, suggesting that RL is likely to facilitate genuine skill acquisition. Finally, we present Guru-7B and Guru-32B, two models that achieve state-of-the-art performance among open models RL-trained with publicly available data, outperforming best baselines by 7.9% and 6.7% on our 17-task evaluation suite across six reasoning domains. We also show that our models effectively improve the Pass@k performance of their base models, particularly on complex tasks less likely to appear in pretraining data. We release data, models, training and evaluation code to facilitate general-purpose reasoning at: https://github.com/LLM360/Reasoning360
Key facts. Cited by 76 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning for reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 27 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Jun 2025.
Builds on
27 of 42 references.
Closest ancestors · 8
Same direction, newest first
- 2025General-Reasoner: Advancing LLM Reasoning Across All Domains20 May
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- 2025Nemotron-CrossThink: Scaling Self-Learning beyond Math Reasoning15 Apr
- 2025Open-Reasoner-Zero: An Open Source Approach to Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning on the Base Model31 Mar
- 2025SimpleRL-Zoo: Investigating and Taming Zero Reinforcement Learning for Open Base Models in the Wild24 Mar
- 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scale18 Mar
- 2025Process Reinforcement through Implicit Rewards3 Feb
- 2024Tulu 3: Pushing Frontiers in Open Language Model Post-Training22 Nov
Other references · 19
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,637
- 2024HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Frameworkcited by 2,057
- 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 2,004
- 2023Instruction-Following Evaluation for Large Language Modelscited by 1,228
- 2021FinQA: A Dataset of Numerical Reasoning over Financial Datacited by 562
- 2024CRUXEval: A Benchmark for Code Reasoning, Understanding and Executioncited by 300
- 2025ZebraLogic: On the Scaling Limits of LLMs for Logical Reasoningcited by 201
- 2025ARC-AGI-2: A New Challenge for Frontier AI Reasoning Systemscited by 190
7 more
- 2022MultiHiertt: Numerical Reasoning over Multi Hierarchical Tabular and Textual Datacited by 121
- 2021HiTab: A Hierarchical Table Dataset for Question Answering and Natural Language Generationcited by 118
- 2024ARC Prize 2024: Technical Reportcited by 104
- 2025NaturalReasoning: Reasoning in the Wild with 2.8M Challenging Questionscited by 84
- 2025LeetCodeDataset: A Temporal Dataset for Robust Evaluation and Efficient Training of Code LLMscited by 70
- 2025CodeI/O: Condensing Reasoning Patterns via Code Input-Output Predictioncited by 55
- 2024Combining Induction and Transduction for Abstract Reasoningcited by 53
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 34; 2026: 42.
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