No-Human in the Loop: Agentic Evaluation at Scale for Recommendation
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agentic recommender systems
Abstract (arXiv)
Evaluating large language models (LLMs) as judges is increasingly critical for building scalable and trustworthy evaluation pipelines. We present ScalingEval, a large-scale benchmarking study that systematically compares 36 LLMs, including GPT, Gemini, Claude, and Llama, across multiple product categories using a consensus-driven evaluation protocol. Our multi-agent framework aggregates pattern audits and issue codes into ground-truth labels via scalable majority voting, enabling reproducible comparison of LLM evaluators without human annotation. Applied to large-scale complementary-item recommendation, the benchmark reports four key findings: (i) Anthropic Claude 3.5 Sonnet achieves the highest decision confidence; (ii) Gemini 1.5 Pro offers the best overall performance across categories; (iii) GPT-4o provides the most favorable latency-accuracy-cost tradeoff; and (iv) GPT-OSS 20B leads among open-source models. Category-level analysis shows strong consensus in structured domains (Electronics, Sports) but persistent disagreement in lifestyle categories (Clothing, Food). These results establish ScalingEval as a reproducible benchmark and evaluation protocol for LLMs as judges, with actionable guidance on scaling, reliability, and model family tradeoffs.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Agentic recommender systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 18 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Nov 2025.
Builds on
18 of 31 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2025The Future is Agentic: Definitions, Perspectives, and Open Challenges of Multi-Agent Recommender Systems2 Jul
- 2025ARAG: Agentic Retrieval Augmented Generation for Personalized Recommendation27 Jun
Other references · 16
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
- 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,796
- 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
- 2024A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 1,423
- 2024Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preferencecited by 1,184
- 2024Length-Controlled AlpacaEval: A Simple Way to Debias Automatic Evaluatorscited by 897
- 2023Prometheus: Inducing Fine-grained Evaluation Capability in Language Modelscited by 575
- 2024Prometheus 2: An Open Source Language Model Specialized in Evaluating Other Language Modelscited by 446
- 2016Recommendations as Treatments: Debiasing Learning and Evaluationcited by 248
4 more
- 2019Are We Really Making Much Progress? A Worrying Analysis of Recent Neural Recommendation Approachescited by 185
- 2016Off-policy evaluation for slate recommendationcited by 103
- 2015Inferring Networks of Substitutable and Complementary Productscited by 92
- 2022NEAT: A Label Noise-resistant Complementary Item Recommender System with Trustworthy Evaluationcited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.
2 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
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- 2026RecoAtlas: From Semantic Plausibility to Set-Level Utility in LLM Recommendation Agents
- 2026Less is More: Benchmarking LLM Based Recommendation Agents
- 2025Evaluating Conversational Recommender Systems via Large Language Models: A User-Centric Framework
- 2026Operationalising Multi-Dimensional Evaluation for Conversational Agents: A Scalable, Governed Pipeline with Selective Re-evaluation and Model Benchmarking
- 2023Recommender AI Agent: Integrating Large Language Models for Interactive Recommendations