PISA: A Pragmatic Psych-Inspired Unified Memory System for Enhanced AI Agency
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Memory systems are fundamental to AI agents, yet existing work often lacks adaptability to diverse tasks and overlooks the constructive and task-oriented role of AI agent memory. Drawing from Piaget's theory of cognitive development, we propose PISA, a pragmatic, psych-inspired unified memory system that addresses these limitations by treating memory as a constructive and adaptive process. To enable continuous learning and adaptability, PISA introduces a trimodal adaptation mechanism (i.e., schema updation, schema evolution, and schema creation) that preserves coherent organization while supporting flexible memory updates. Building on these schema-grounded structures, we further design a hybrid memory access architecture that seamlessly integrates symbolic reasoning with neural retrieval, significantly improving retrieval accuracy and efficiency. Our empirical evaluation, conducted on the existing LOCOMO benchmark and our newly proposed AggQA benchmark for data analysis tasks, confirms that PISA sets a new state-of-the-art by significantly enhancing adaptability and long-term knowledge retention.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Oct 2025.
Builds on
25 of 37 references.
References · 25
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
- 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,422
- 2020What Disease does this Patient Have? A Large-scale Open Domain Question Answering Dataset from Medical Examscited by 1,324
- 2019PubMedQA: A Dataset for Biomedical Research Question Answeringcited by 1,271
- 2024RULER: What's the Real Context Size of Your Long-Context Language Models?cited by 1,270
- 2022Code as Policies: Language Model Programs for Embodied Controlcited by 1,172
- 2025A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agentscited by 1,000
- 2024Evaluating Very Long-Term Conversational Memory of LLM Agentscited by 800
- 2025Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memorycited by 722
- 2024LongMemEval: Benchmarking Chat Assistants on Long-Term Interactive Memorycited by 656
- 2021FinQA: A Dataset of Numerical Reasoning over Financial Datacited by 552
- 2023MemoryBank: Enhancing Large Language Models with Long-Term Memorycited by 539
13 more
- 2020HybridQA: A Dataset of Multi-Hop Question Answering over Tabular and Textual Datacited by 263
- 2025Evaluating Memory in LLM Agents via Incremental Multi-Turn Interactionscited by 236
- 2025Memory OS of AI Agentcited by 140
- 2022On The Computational Complexity of Self-Attentioncited by 137
- 2024InfiAgent-DABench: Evaluating Agents on Data Analysis Taskscited by 134
- 2025MLGym: A New Framework and Benchmark for Advancing AI Research Agentscited by 111
- 2023SCM: Enhancing Large Language Model with Self-Controlled Memory Frameworkcited by 98
- 2025OdysseyBench: Evaluating LLM Agents on Long-Horizon Complex Office Application Workflowscited by 54
- 2025DataSciBench: An LLM Agent Benchmark for Data Sciencecited by 53
- 2023Open-WikiTable: Dataset for Open Domain Question Answering with Complex Reasoning over Tablecited by 40
- 2025BizFinBench: A Business-Driven Real-World Financial Benchmark for Evaluating LLMscited by 22
- 2025TableRAG: A Retrieval Augmented Generation Framework for Heterogeneous Document Reasoningcited by 22
- 2025Unable to Forget: Proactive Interference Reveals Working Memory Limits in LLMs Beyond Context Lengthcited by 18
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 2.
3 papers.
- 2026A Survey of Agent Memory in the Second Half: Towards Self-Evolving and Long-Horizon Agentscited by 40
- 2026Anatomy of Agentic Memory: Taxonomy and Empirical Analysis of Evaluation and System Limitationscited by 20
- 2025AI Meets Brain: Memory Systems from Cognitive Neuroscience to Autonomous Agentscited by 12
- 2026Anatomy of Agentic Memory: Taxonomy and Empirical Analysis of Evaluation and System Limitations22 Feb 2026
- 2026A Survey of Agent Memory in the Second Half: Towards Self-Evolving and Long-Horizon Agents14 Jan 2026
- 2025AI Meets Brain: Memory Systems from Cognitive Neuroscience to Autonomous Agents29 Dec 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Learning to Continually Learn via Meta-learning Agentic Memory Designs
- 2026Graph-Native Cognitive Memory for AI Agents: Formal Belief Revision Semantics for Versioned Memory Architectures
- 2026AMA: Adaptive Memory via Multi-Agent Collaboration
- 2026M^star: Every Task Deserves Its Own Memory Harness
- 2026MAGMA: A Multi-Graph based Agentic Memory Architecture for AI Agents
- 2025MemGen: Weaving Generative Latent Memory for Self-Evolving Agents
- 2026AdMem: Advanced Memory for Task-solving Agents
- 2025Intrinsic Memory Agents: Heterogeneous Multi-Agent LLM Systems through Structured Contextual Memory