FURINA: A Fully Customizable Role-Playing Benchmark via Scalable Multi-Agent Collaboration Pipeline
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Social simulation and multi-agent debate
Abstract (arXiv)
As large language models (LLMs) advance in role-playing (RP) tasks, existing benchmarks quickly become obsolete due to their narrow scope, outdated interaction paradigms, and limited adaptability across diverse application scenarios. To address this gap, we introduce FURINA-Builder, a novel multi-agent collaboration pipeline that automatically constructs fully customizable RP benchmarks at any scale. It enables evaluation of arbitrary characters across diverse scenarios and prompt formats, as the first benchmark builder in RP area for adaptable assessment. FURINA-Builder simulates dialogues between a test character and other characters drawn from a well-constructed character-scene pool, while an LLM judge selects fine-grained evaluation dimensions and adjusts the test character's responses into final test utterances. Using this pipeline, we build FURINA-Bench, a new comprehensive role-playing benchmark featuring both established and synthesized test characters, each assessed with dimension-specific evaluation criteria. Human evaluation and preliminary separability analysis justify our pipeline and benchmark design. We conduct extensive evaluations of cutting-edge LLMs and find that o3 and DeepSeek-R1 achieve the best performance on English and Chinese RP tasks, respectively. Across all models, established characters consistently outperform synthesized ones, with reasoning capabilities further amplifying this disparity. Interestingly, we observe that model scale does not monotonically reduce hallucinations. More critically, for reasoning LLMs, we uncover a novel trade-off: reasoning improves RP performance but simultaneously increases RP hallucinations. This trade-off extends to a broader Pareto frontier between RP performance and reliability for all LLMs. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of FURINA-Builder and the challenge posed by FURINA-Bench.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 33 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Oct 2025.
Builds on
33 of 40 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2024From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agents28 Apr
- 2024Character is Destiny: Can Role-Playing Language Agents Make Persona-Driven Decisions?18 Apr
- 2024CharacterEval: A Chinese Benchmark for Role-Playing Conversational Agent Evaluation2 Jan
- 2023Character-LLM: A Trainable Agent for Role-Playing16 Oct
Other references · 29
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
- 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
- 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,761
- 2023A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questionscited by 1,582
- 2023HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Facecited by 1,173
- 2024From Crowdsourced Data to High-Quality Benchmarks: Arena-Hard and BenchBuilder Pipelinecited by 484
- 2023Role-Play with Large Language Modelscited by 290
- 2025MiniMax-M1: Scaling Test-Time Compute Efficiently with Lightning Attentioncited by 248
17 more
- 2024Chain of Agents: Large Language Models Collaborating on Long-Context Taskscited by 201
- 2023RoleLLM: Benchmarking, Eliciting, and Enhancing Role-Playing Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 173
- 2025APIGen-MT: Agentic Pipeline for Multi-Turn Data Generation via Simulated Agent-Human Interplaycited by 158
- 2025CollabLLM: From Passive Responders to Active Collaboratorscited by 117
- 2025AgenTracer: Who Is Inducing Failure in the LLM Agentic Systems?cited by 105
- 2025Chain-of-Agents: End-to-End Agent Foundation Models via Multi-Agent Distillation and Agentic RLcited by 75
- 2023ChatHaruhi: Reviving Anime Character in Reality via Large Language Modelcited by 57
- 2025When Thinking Fails: The Pitfalls of Reasoning for Instruction-Following in LLMscited by 51
- 2024OSCAR: Operating System Control via State-Aware Reasoning and Re-Planningcited by 37
- 2025CoSER: A Comprehensive Literary Dataset and Framework for Training and Evaluating LLM Role-Playing and Persona Simulationcited by 26
- 2025OpenCharacter: Training Customizable Role-Playing LLMs with Large-Scale Synthetic Personascited by 25
- 2024Synthesizing Post-Training Data for LLMs through Multi-Agent Simulationcited by 22
- 2024RoleBreak: Character Hallucination as a Jailbreak Attack in Role-Playing Systemscited by 19
- 2025RoleMRC: A Fine-Grained Composite Benchmark for Role-Playing and Instruction-Followingcited by 18
- 2025BookWorld: From Novels to Interactive Agent Societies for Creative Story Generationcited by 12
- 2025Thinking with Nothinking Calibration: A New In-Context Learning Paradigm in Reasoning Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2025Multi-Agent Data Visualization and Narrative Generationcited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
- 2026Cognitive Enhancement: Rethinking the Necessity of Role-Playing for Large Language Models30 Sep 2026
- 2026Skill-MAS: Evolving Meta-Skill for Automatic Multi-Agent Systems17 Jun 2026
- 2026Unified-MAS: Universally Generating Domain-Specific Nodes for Empowering Automatic Multi-Agent Systems23 Mar 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2024Large Language Models are Superpositions of All Characters: Attaining Arbitrary Role-play via Self-Alignment
- 2025SpeechRole: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Evaluating Speech Role-Playing Agents
- 2026Role-Playing Agents Driven by Large Language Models: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Trends
- 2026RPA-Check: A Multi-Stage Automated Framework for Evaluating Dynamic LLM-based Role-Playing Agents
- 2024A Multi-Task Role-Playing Agent Capable of Imitating Character Linguistic Styles