mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Directed-Tokens: A Robust Multi-Modality Alignment Approach to Large Language-Vision Models

arXiv 2508.14264 ↗First posted 19 Aug 2025cs.CVcited by 5

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning

Abstract (arXiv)

Large multimodal models (LMMs) have gained impressive performance due to their outstanding capability in various understanding tasks. However, these models still suffer from some fundamental limitations related to robustness and generalization due to the alignment and correlation between visual and textual features. In this paper, we introduce a simple but efficient learning mechanism for improving the robust alignment between visual and textual modalities by solving shuffling problems. In particular, the proposed approach can improve reasoning capability, visual understanding, and cross-modality alignment by introducing two new tasks: reconstructing the image order and the text order into the LMM's pre-training and fine-tuning phases. In addition, we propose a new directed-token approach to capture visual and textual knowledge, enabling the capability to reconstruct the correct order of visual inputs. Then, we introduce a new Image-to-Response Guided loss to further improve the visual understanding of the LMM in its responses. The proposed approach consistently achieves state-of-the-art (SoTA) performance compared with prior LMMs on academic task-oriented and instruction-following LMM benchmarks.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 61 of its 79 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Aug 2025.

Builds on

61 of 79 references.

Closest ancestors · 11

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer6 Aug
  2. 2024MM-SpuBench: Towards Better Understanding of Spurious Biases in Multimodal LLMs24 Jun
  3. 2024mDPO: Conditional Preference Optimization for Multimodal Large Language Models17 Jun
  4. 2023Silkie: Preference Distillation for Large Visual Language Models17 Dec
  5. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuning5 Oct
  6. 2023MM-Vet: Evaluating Large Multimodal Models for Integrated Capabilities4 Aug
  7. 2023SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehension30 Jul
  8. 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?12 Jul
  9. 2023Shikra: Unleashing Multimodal LLM's Referential Dialogue Magic27 Jun
  10. 2023A Survey on Multimodal Large Language Models23 Jun
  11. 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuning11 May

Other references · 50

  1. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  3. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  4. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
  5. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
  6. 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,386
  7. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,322
  8. 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,344
  9. 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
  10. 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,516
  11. 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,224
  12. 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
38 more
  1. 2022Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answeringcited by 1,919
  2. 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,729
  3. 2019Towards VQA Models That Can Readcited by 1,718
  4. 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,402
  5. 2016Unsupervised Learning of Visual Representations by Solving Jigsaw Puzzlescited by 1,382
  6. 2023LLaVA-Med: Training a Large Language-and-Vision Assistant for Biomedicine in One Daycited by 1,305
  7. 2018VizWiz Grand Challenge: Answering Visual Questions from Blind Peoplecited by 858
  8. 2023VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understandingcited by 857
  9. 2016A Diagram Is Worth A Dozen Imagescited by 804
  10. 2023LLaMA-VID: An Image is Worth 2 Tokens in Large Language Modelscited by 546
  11. 2023DriveGPT4: Interpretable End-to-end Autonomous Driving via Large Language Modelcited by 461
  12. 2019Domain Generalization by Solving Jigsaw Puzzlescited by 450
  13. 2023RLHF-V: Towards Trustworthy MLLMs via Behavior Alignment from Fine-grained Correctional Human Feedbackcited by 412
  14. 2023PointLLM: Empowering Large Language Models to Understand Point Cloudscited by 333
  15. 2023LLaVAR: Enhanced Visual Instruction Tuning for Text-Rich Image Understandingcited by 274
  16. 2022Learning Video Representations from Large Language Modelscited by 205
  17. 2023SVIT: Scaling up Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 162
  18. 2024LongVLM: Efficient Long Video Understanding via Large Language Modelscited by 147
  19. 2023Text-to-Audio Generation using Instruction-Tuned LLM and Latent Diffusion Modelcited by 145
  20. 2024LongLLaVA: Scaling Multi-modal LLMs to 1000 Images Efficiently via a Hybrid Architecturecited by 102
  21. 2023LiDAR-LLM: Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models for 3D LiDAR Understandingcited by 95
  22. 2020Fine-Grained Visual Classification via Progressive Multi-Granularity Training of Jigsaw Patchescited by 92
  23. 2024Detecting and Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision Language Models via Fine-Grained AI Feedbackcited by 80
  24. 2023Micron-BERT: BERT-based Facial Micro-Expression Recognitioncited by 43
  25. 2024UMBRAE: Unified Multimodal Brain Decodingcited by 32
  26. 2022DirecFormer: A Directed Attention in Transformer Approach to Robust Action Recognitioncited by 31
  27. 2024VisionGraph: Leveraging Large Multimodal Models for Graph Theory Problems in Visual Contextcited by 31
  28. 2023Insect-Foundation: A Foundation Model and Large-scale 1M Dataset for Visual Insect Understandingcited by 29
  29. 2024Uni3D-LLM: Unifying Point Cloud Perception, Generation and Editing with Large Language Modelscited by 25
  30. 2023Type-to-Track: Retrieve Any Object via Prompt-based Trackingcited by 24
  31. 2023HIG: Hierarchical Interlacement Graph Approach to Scene Graph Generation in Video Understandingcited by 22
  32. 2022Jigsaw-ViT: Learning Jigsaw Puzzles in Vision Transformercited by 21
  33. 2024HyperGLM: HyperGraph for Video Scene Graph Generation and Anticipationcited by 19
  34. 2023Cross-view Action Recognition Understanding From Exocentric to Egocentric Perspectivecited by 14
  35. 2024CYCLO: Cyclic Graph Transformer Approach to Multi-Object Relationship Modeling in Aerial Videoscited by 11
  36. 2025Insect-Foundation: A Foundation Model and Large Multimodal Dataset for Vision-Language Insect Understandingcited by 7
  37. 2024BRACTIVE: A Brain Activation Approach to Human Visual Brain Learningcited by 6
  38. 2024EAGLE: Efficient Adaptive Geometry-based Learning in Cross-view Understandingcited by 6

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 4.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025TrimTokenator: Towards Adaptive Visual Token Pruning for Large Multimodal Models
  2. 2024Semantic Alignment for Multimodal Large Language Models
  3. 2025Rethinking Visual Token Reduction in LVLMs Under Cross-Modal Misalignment
  4. 2025Visual Representation Alignment for Multimodal Large Language Models
  5. 2026Vision Inference Former: Sustaining Visual Consistency in Multimodal Large Language Models
  6. 2025Unified Multimodal Understanding via Byte-Pair Visual Encoding
  7. 2025Inverse-LLaVA: Rethinking Multimodal Alignment via Text-to-Vision Mapping
  8. 2025Token Sequence Compression for Efficient Multimodal Computing