Directed-Tokens: A Robust Multi-Modality Alignment Approach to Large Language-Vision Models
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning
Abstract (arXiv)
Large multimodal models (LMMs) have gained impressive performance due to their outstanding capability in various understanding tasks. However, these models still suffer from some fundamental limitations related to robustness and generalization due to the alignment and correlation between visual and textual features. In this paper, we introduce a simple but efficient learning mechanism for improving the robust alignment between visual and textual modalities by solving shuffling problems. In particular, the proposed approach can improve reasoning capability, visual understanding, and cross-modality alignment by introducing two new tasks: reconstructing the image order and the text order into the LMM's pre-training and fine-tuning phases. In addition, we propose a new directed-token approach to capture visual and textual knowledge, enabling the capability to reconstruct the correct order of visual inputs. Then, we introduce a new Image-to-Response Guided loss to further improve the visual understanding of the LMM in its responses. The proposed approach consistently achieves state-of-the-art (SoTA) performance compared with prior LMMs on academic task-oriented and instruction-following LMM benchmarks.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 61 of its 79 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Aug 2025.
Builds on
61 of 79 references.
Closest ancestors · 11
Same direction, newest first
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- 2023MM-Vet: Evaluating Large Multimodal Models for Integrated Capabilities4 Aug
- 2023SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehension30 Jul
- 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?12 Jul
- 2023Shikra: Unleashing Multimodal LLM's Referential Dialogue Magic27 Jun
- 2023A Survey on Multimodal Large Language Models23 Jun
- 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuning11 May
Other references · 50
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- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,386
- 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,322
- 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,344
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
- 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,516
- 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,224
- 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
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- 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,402
- 2016Unsupervised Learning of Visual Representations by Solving Jigsaw Puzzlescited by 1,382
- 2023LLaVA-Med: Training a Large Language-and-Vision Assistant for Biomedicine in One Daycited by 1,305
- 2018VizWiz Grand Challenge: Answering Visual Questions from Blind Peoplecited by 858
- 2023VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understandingcited by 857
- 2016A Diagram Is Worth A Dozen Imagescited by 804
- 2023LLaMA-VID: An Image is Worth 2 Tokens in Large Language Modelscited by 546
- 2023DriveGPT4: Interpretable End-to-end Autonomous Driving via Large Language Modelcited by 461
- 2019Domain Generalization by Solving Jigsaw Puzzlescited by 450
- 2023RLHF-V: Towards Trustworthy MLLMs via Behavior Alignment from Fine-grained Correctional Human Feedbackcited by 412
- 2023PointLLM: Empowering Large Language Models to Understand Point Cloudscited by 333
- 2023LLaVAR: Enhanced Visual Instruction Tuning for Text-Rich Image Understandingcited by 274
- 2022Learning Video Representations from Large Language Modelscited by 205
- 2023SVIT: Scaling up Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 162
- 2024LongVLM: Efficient Long Video Understanding via Large Language Modelscited by 147
- 2023Text-to-Audio Generation using Instruction-Tuned LLM and Latent Diffusion Modelcited by 145
- 2024LongLLaVA: Scaling Multi-modal LLMs to 1000 Images Efficiently via a Hybrid Architecturecited by 102
- 2023LiDAR-LLM: Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models for 3D LiDAR Understandingcited by 95
- 2020Fine-Grained Visual Classification via Progressive Multi-Granularity Training of Jigsaw Patchescited by 92
- 2024Detecting and Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision Language Models via Fine-Grained AI Feedbackcited by 80
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- 2023HIG: Hierarchical Interlacement Graph Approach to Scene Graph Generation in Video Understandingcited by 22
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- 2023Cross-view Action Recognition Understanding From Exocentric to Egocentric Perspectivecited by 14
- 2024CYCLO: Cyclic Graph Transformer Approach to Multi-Object Relationship Modeling in Aerial Videoscited by 11
- 2025Insect-Foundation: A Foundation Model and Large Multimodal Dataset for Vision-Language Insect Understandingcited by 7
- 2024BRACTIVE: A Brain Activation Approach to Human Visual Brain Learningcited by 6
- 2024EAGLE: Efficient Adaptive Geometry-based Learning in Cross-view Understandingcited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 4.
5 papers.
- 2026φ-DPO: Fairness Direct Preference Optimization Approach to Continual Learning in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 2
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- 2025Towards Accurate UAV Image Perception: Guiding Vision-Language Models with Stronger Task Promptscited by 1
- 2026OmniSpace: Efficient Geometry Awareness for Autonomous Vehicles MLLMscited by 0
- 2026Text as Partial Constraint: Core-Residual Alignment for Robust Vision-Language Learningcited by 0
- 2026Text as Partial Constraint: Core-Residual Alignment for Robust Vision-Language Learning3 Jul 2026
- 2026OmniSpace: Efficient Geometry Awareness for Autonomous Vehicles MLLMs21 Jun 2026
- 2026DRIVESPATIAL: A Benchmark for Spatiotemporal Intelligence in VLMs for Autonomous Driving22 May 2026
- 2026φ-DPO: Fairness Direct Preference Optimization Approach to Continual Learning in Large Multimodal Models26 Feb 2026
- 2025Towards Accurate UAV Image Perception: Guiding Vision-Language Models with Stronger Task Prompts8 Dec 2025
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