Token Sequence Compression for Efficient Multimodal Computing
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Visual token pruning and efficiency
Abstract (arXiv)
The exponential growth of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has driven advancements in cross-modal reasoning but at significant computational costs. In this work, we focus on visual language models. We highlight the redundancy and inefficiency in current vision encoders, and seek to construct an adaptive compression method for multimodal data. In this work, we characterize a panoply of visual token selection and merging approaches through both benchmarking and qualitative analysis. In particular, we demonstrate that simple cluster-level token aggregation outperforms prior state-of-the-art works in token selection and merging, including merging at the vision encoder level and attention-based approaches. We underline the redundancy in current vision encoders, and shed light on several puzzling trends regarding principles of visual token selection through cross-modal attention visualizations. This work is a first effort towards more effective encoding and processing of high-dimensional data, and paves the way for more scalable and sustainable multimodal systems.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Visual token pruning and efficiency, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 22 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Apr 2025.
Builds on
22 of 24 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2024VisionZip: Longer is Better but Not Necessary in Vision Language Models5 Dec
- 2024SparseVLM: Visual Token Sparsification for Efficient Vision-Language Model Inference6 Oct
- 2024LLaVA-PruMerge: Adaptive Token Reduction for Efficient Large Multimodal Models22 Mar
- 2024An Image is Worth 1/2 Tokens After Layer 2: Plug-and-Play Inference Acceleration for Large Vision-Language Models11 Mar
Other references · 18
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
- 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,109
- 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
- 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,141
- 2022Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answeringcited by 1,919
- 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,729
- 2019Towards VQA Models That Can Readcited by 1,718
- 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1,652
- 2023MM-Vet: Evaluating Large Multimodal Models for Integrated Capabilitiescited by 1,239
- 2021Perceiver: General Perception with Iterative Attentioncited by 1,104
6 more
- 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Fastercited by 1,021
- 2023VILA: On Pre-training for Visual Language Modelscited by 692
- 2023NExT-GPT: Any-to-Any Multimodal LLMcited by 615
- 2024LLM Inference Unveiled: Survey and Roofline Model Insightscited by 152
- 2024X-VILA: Cross-Modality Alignment for Large Language Modelcited by 46
- 2024Towards Efficient Visual-Language Alignment of the Q-Former for Visual Reasoning Taskscited by 9
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
6 papers.
- 2025GaussianVision: Vision-Language Alignment from Compressed Image Representations using 2D Gaussian Splattingcited by 5
- 2025CLIP-MG: Guiding Semantic Attention with Skeletal Pose Features and RGB Data for Micro-Gesture Recognition on the iMiGUE Datasetcited by 4
- 2025OneVision: An End-to-End Generative Framework for Multi-view E-commerce Vision Searchcited by 2
- 2026BreastGPT: A Multimodal Large Language Model for the Full Spectrum of Breast Cancer Clinical Routinecited by 1
- 2026Token Entropy Regularization for Multi-modal Antenna Affiliation Identificationcited by 0
- 2026V-CoLA: Vision Token Compression with Linear Attentioncited by 0
- 2026V-CoLA: Vision Token Compression with Linear Attention8 Oct 2026
- 2026BreastGPT: A Multimodal Large Language Model for the Full Spectrum of Breast Cancer Clinical Routine3 Jun 2026
- 2026Token Entropy Regularization for Multi-modal Antenna Affiliation Identification29 Jan 2026
- 2025OneVision: An End-to-End Generative Framework for Multi-view E-commerce Vision Search7 Oct 2025
- 2025GaussianVision: Vision-Language Alignment from Compressed Image Representations using 2D Gaussian Splatting26 Sep 2025
- 2025CLIP-MG: Guiding Semantic Attention with Skeletal Pose Features and RGB Data for Micro-Gesture Recognition on the iMiGUE Dataset19 Jun 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025AdaTok: Adaptive Token Compression with Object-Aware Representations for Efficient Multimodal LLMs
- 2025Can Visual Input Be Compressed? A Visual Token Compression Benchmark for Large Multimodal Models
- 2025VisionSelector: End-to-End Learnable Visual Token Compression for Efficient Multimodal LLMs
- 2025A Survey of Token Compression for Efficient Multimodal Large Language Models
- 2025Are We Using the Right Benchmark: An Evaluation Framework for Visual Token Compression Methods
- 2024FocusLLaVA: A Coarse-to-Fine Approach for Efficient and Effective Visual Token Compression
- 2026What Do Visual Tokens Really Encode? Uncovering Sparsity and Redundancy in Multimodal Large Language Models
- 2026Visual Tokens on Demand: Visual Budgeting for Scalable and Efficient Multi-Image Reasoning in Multimodal LLMs