The Term 'Agent' Has Been Diluted Beyond Utility and Requires Redefinition
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
The term 'agent' in artificial intelligence has long carried multiple interpretations across different subfields. Recent developments in AI capabilities, particularly in large language model systems, have amplified this ambiguity, creating significant challenges in research communication, system evaluation and reproducibility, and policy development. This paper argues that the term 'agent' requires redefinition. Drawing from historical analysis and contemporary usage patterns, we propose a framework that defines clear minimum requirements for a system to be considered an agent while characterizing systems along a multidimensional spectrum of environmental interaction, learning and adaptation, autonomy, goal complexity, and temporal coherence. This approach provides precise vocabulary for system description while preserving the term's historically multifaceted nature. After examining potential counterarguments and implementation challenges, we provide specific recommendations for moving forward as a field, including suggestions for terminology standardization and framework adoption. The proposed approach offers practical tools for improving research clarity and reproducibility while supporting more effective policy development.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 8 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2025.
Builds on
8 of 44 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domains17 Jun
- 2023CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Society31 Mar
- 2023Describe, Explain, Plan and Select: Interactive Planning with Large Language Models Enables Open-World Multi-Task Agents3 Feb
Other references · 5
- 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,276
- 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
- 2023SmartPlay: A Benchmark for LLMs as Intelligent Agentscited by 125
- 2025Characterizing AI Agents for Alignment and Governancecited by 30
- 2024GUIDE: Real-Time Human-Shaped Agentscited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 4.
6 papers.
- 2025The Narrative Continuity Test: A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Identity Persistence in AI Systemscited by 3
- 2025MARC: Multimodal and Multi-Task Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Cold-Start Recommender Systemcited by 1
- 2026When Helpfulness Becomes Sycophancy: Sycophancy is a Boundary Failure Between Social Alignment and Epistemic Integrity in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Signals in the Noise: Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) for AI Loss of Control Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Towards Agentic AI Governance: A Preliminary Assessmentcited by 0
- 2026Defining AI Agents: A Compendium of Criteria, Metrics, and Benchmarkscited by 0
- 2026Defining AI Agents: A Compendium of Criteria, Metrics, and Benchmarks10 Sep 2026
- 2026Towards Agentic AI Governance: A Preliminary Assessment8 Jul 2026
- 2026Signals in the Noise: Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) for AI Loss of Control Detection22 May 2026
- 2026When Helpfulness Becomes Sycophancy: Sycophancy is a Boundary Failure Between Social Alignment and Epistemic Integrity in Large Language Models6 May 2026
- 2025MARC: Multimodal and Multi-Task Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Cold-Start Recommender System11 Nov 2025
- 2025The Narrative Continuity Test: A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Identity Persistence in AI Systems28 Oct 2025
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