Process Reward Models Meet Planning: Generating Precise and Scalable Datasets for Step-Level Rewards
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reinforcement learning for reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Process Reward Models (PRMs) have emerged as a powerful tool for providing step-level feedback when evaluating the reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs), which frequently produce chains of thought (CoTs) containing errors even when the final answer is correct. However, existing PRM datasets remain expensive to construct, prone to annotation errors, and predominantly limited to the mathematical domain. This work introduces a novel and scalable approach to PRM dataset generation based on planning logical problems expressed in the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL). Using this method, we generate a corpus of approximately one million reasoning steps across various PDDL domains and use it to train PRMs. Experimental results show that augmenting widely-used PRM training datasets with PDDL-derived data yields substantial improvements in both mathematical and non-mathematical reasoning, as demonstrated across multiple benchmarks. These findings indicate that planning problems constitute a scalable and effective resource for generating robust, precise, and fine-grained training data for PRMs, going beyond the classical mathematical sources that dominate this field.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning for reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 17 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Apr 2026.
Builds on
17 of 45 references.
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Same direction, newest first
- 2025Magistral12 Jun
- 2025An Efficient and Precise Training Data Construction Framework for Process-supervised Reward Model in Mathematical Reasoning4 Mar
- 2025Process Reinforcement through Implicit Rewards3 Feb
- 2024Improve Mathematical Reasoning in Language Models by Automated Process Supervision5 Jun
- 2022Solving math word problems with process- and outcome-based feedback25 Nov
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- 2025Skywork Open Reasoner 1 Technical Reportcited by 165
- 2024OpenR: An Open Source Framework for Advanced Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 94
- 2025Beyond Semantics: The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Reasonless Intermediate Tokenscited by 41
- 2025Teaching LLMs to Plan: Logical Chain-of-Thought Instruction Tuning for Symbolic Planningcited by 15
- 2025Can LLM-Reasoning Models Replace Classical Planning? A Benchmark Studycited by 8
- 2025ReTraceQA: Evaluating Reasoning Traces of Small Language Models in Commonsense Question Answeringcited by 3
- 2025An Extensive Evaluation of PDDL Capabilities in off-the-shelf LLMscited by 2
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
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- 2025A Survey of Process Reward Models: From Outcome Signals to Process Supervisions for Large Language Models
- 2025PRMBench: A Fine-grained and Challenging Benchmark for Process-Level Reward Models
- 2024Rewarding Progress: Scaling Automated Process Verifiers for LLM Reasoning
- 2025ReasonFlux-PRM: Trajectory-Aware PRMs for Long Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in LLMs