RoboEval: Where Robotic Manipulation Meets Structured and Scalable Evaluation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce RoboEval, a structured evaluation framework and benchmark for robotic manipulation that augments binary success with principled behavioral and outcome metrics. Existing evaluations often collapse performance into outcome counts, masking differences in execution quality and obscuring failure structure. RoboEval provides eight bimanual tasks with systematically controlled variations, more than three thousand expert demonstrations, and a modular simulation platform for reproducible experimentation. All tasks are instrumented with standardized metrics that quantify efficiency, coordination, and safety/stability, as well as outcome measures that trace stagewise progress and localize failure modes. Through extensive experiments with state-of-the-art visuomotor policies, we validate these metrics by analyzing their stability under variation, discriminative power across policies with similar success rates, and correlation with task success. Project Page: https://robo-eval.github.io
Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Jul 2025.
Builds on
21 of 32 references.
References · 21
- 2016SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Textcited by 4,133
- 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,823
- 2023Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusioncited by 2,760
- 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalizationcited by 1,699
- 2023Learning Fine-Grained Bimanual Manipulation with Low-Cost Hardwarecited by 1,512
- 2025GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robotscited by 1,197
- 2019Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,175
- 2018DeepMind Control Suitecited by 944
- 2019RLBench: The Robot Learning Benchmark & Learning Environmentcited by 676
- 2018On Evaluation of Embodied Navigation Agentscited by 531
- 2020robosuite: A Modular Simulation Framework and Benchmark for Robot Learningcited by 494
- 2024Evaluating Real-World Robot Manipulation Policies in Simulationcited by 485
9 more
- 2023ManiSkill2: A Unified Benchmark for Generalizable Manipulation Skillscited by 316
- 2024THE COLOSSEUM: A Benchmark for Evaluating Generalization for Robotic Manipulationcited by 129
- 2025RoboTwin: Dual-Arm Robot Benchmark with Generative Digital Twinscited by 118
- 2024DexMimicGen: Automated Data Generation for Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation via Imitation Learningcited by 106
- 2024HumanoidBench: Simulated Humanoid Benchmark for Whole-Body Locomotion and Manipulationcited by 103
- 2022Deep Learning Approaches to Grasp Synthesis: A Reviewcited by 70
- 2024PerAct2: Benchmarking and Learning for Robotic Bimanual Manipulation Taskscited by 37
- 2024BiGym: A Demo-Driven Mobile Bi-Manual Manipulation Benchmarkcited by 30
- 2022RB2: Robotic Manipulation Benchmarking with a Twistcited by 23
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 29.
32 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025Evaluating Gemini Robotics Policies in a Veo World Simulatorcited by 50
- 2026World Action Models: The Next Frontier in Embodied AIcited by 48
- 2026MolmoAct2: Action Reasoning Models for Real-world Deploymentcited by 47
- 2026Interactive World Simulator for Robot Policy Training and Evaluationcited by 30
- 2025Humanoid Everyday: A Comprehensive Robotic Dataset for Open-World Humanoid Manipulationcited by 23
- 2026World Action Models: A Surveycited by 11
- 2025Score the Steps, Not Just the Goal: VLM-Based Subgoal Evaluation for Robotic Manipulationcited by 8
- 2026PRM-as-a-Judge: A Dense Evaluation Paradigm for Fine-Grained Robotic Auditingcited by 8
- 2026Data Pyramid for Embodied Manipulation: A Surveycited by 5
- 2026RoboWorld: Fast and Reliable Neural Simulators for Generalist Robot Policy Evaluationcited by 4
- 2026MA-VLA: Multi-Arm Vision-Language-Action Model for Collaboration and Compositional Generalizationcited by 3
- 2026iMaC: Translating Actions into Motion and Contact Images for Embodied World Modelscited by 2
20 more
- 2026PRM-as-a-Judge 1.5: A Toolkit for Robot Process Assessmentcited by 2
- 2026RoboPlayground: Democratizing Robotic Evaluation through Structured Physical Domainscited by 1
- 2026RoboWits: Unexpected Challenges for Robotic Creative Problem Solvingcited by 1
- 2026Safe Embodied AI for Long-horizon Tasks: A Cross-layer Analysis of Robotic Manipulationcited by 1
- 2026Intelligent Automation for Embodied Benchmark Construction: Pipelines, Embodiments, Simulators, and Trendscited by 1
- 2026A Few Words Go a Long Way: Language Guided Robot Policy Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026RoboPhys-3D: A Comprehensive Embodied World Model Evaluation via 3D Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026ConceptACT: Episode-Level Concepts for Sample-Efficient Robotic Imitation Learningcited by 0
- 2026ATOM-Bench: A Real-World Benchmark for Atomic Skills and Compositional Generalization in Manipulation Policiescited by 0
- 2026Behavior-Skill: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Evaluating Vision-Language-Action Policies in Long-Horizon Taskscited by 0
- 2026FailBench: How Reliable are VLMs at Judging Robot Task Success?cited by 0
- 2026Learning to Use Imagination: Progress-Conditioned Future Utilization for World Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026From Vision to Harvest: Benchmarking Vision-Language Models for Multi-Arm Robotic Fruit Harvestingcited by 0
- 2026Outcome-Conditioned End-Effector Geometry Across Vision-Language-Action Policiescited by 0
- 2026When Does Test-Time Physical Diagnosis Pay? A Frozen Policy Buys Evidence It Never Readscited by 0
- 2026Multi-Granularity Language-Guided Imitation Learning via Instruction Decompositioncited by 0
- 2026Faster and Better? Benchmark Bugs and Design Limitations Distort the Evaluation of Vision-Language-Action Accelerationcited by 0
- 2026Rho: A Foundation for Efficiently Adaptable VLA Modelscited by 0
- 2026Is Success All You Need? Investigating the Impact of Input Perturbations on VLA Behaviour in Tabletop Manipulation Taskscited by 0
- 2026Grounded in Time: A Multi-Source Dataset and Benchmark for Temporal Grounding in Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026Grounded in Time: A Multi-Source Dataset and Benchmark for Temporal Grounding in Robotic Manipulation3 Oct 2026
- 2026Is Success All You Need? Investigating the Impact of Input Perturbations on VLA Behaviour in Tabletop Manipulation Tasks1 Oct 2026
- 2026Rho: A Foundation for Efficiently Adaptable VLA Models29 Sep 2026
- 2026Faster and Better? Benchmark Bugs and Design Limitations Distort the Evaluation of Vision-Language-Action Acceleration29 Sep 2026
- 2026Multi-Granularity Language-Guided Imitation Learning via Instruction Decomposition29 Sep 2026
- 2026Outcome-Conditioned End-Effector Geometry Across Vision-Language-Action Policies18 Sep 2026
- 2026When Does Test-Time Physical Diagnosis Pay? A Frozen Policy Buys Evidence It Never Reads14 Sep 2026
- 2026From Vision to Harvest: Benchmarking Vision-Language Models for Multi-Arm Robotic Fruit Harvesting11 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning to Use Imagination: Progress-Conditioned Future Utilization for World Action Models6 Sep 2026
- 2026FailBench: How Reliable are VLMs at Judging Robot Task Success?3 Sep 2026
- 2026Behavior-Skill: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Evaluating Vision-Language-Action Policies in Long-Horizon Tasks31 Aug 2026
- 2026RoboPhys-3D: A Comprehensive Embodied World Model Evaluation via 3D Reconstruction28 Aug 2026
20 more
- 2026MA-VLA: Multi-Arm Vision-Language-Action Model for Collaboration and Compositional Generalization26 Aug 2026
- 2026PRM-as-a-Judge 1.5: A Toolkit for Robot Process Assessment14 Aug 2026
- 2026Data Pyramid for Embodied Manipulation: A Survey27 Jul 2026
- 2026A Few Words Go a Long Way: Language Guided Robot Policy Synthesis26 Jul 2026
- 2026RoboWorld: Fast and Reliable Neural Simulators for Generalist Robot Policy Evaluation1 Jul 2026
- 2026World Action Models: A Survey18 Jun 2026
- 2026ATOM-Bench: A Real-World Benchmark for Atomic Skills and Compositional Generalization in Manipulation Policies15 Jun 2026
- 2026Intelligent Automation for Embodied Benchmark Construction: Pipelines, Embodiments, Simulators, and Trends10 Jun 2026
- 2026iMaC: Translating Actions into Motion and Contact Images for Embodied World Models8 Jun 2026
- 2026Safe Embodied AI for Long-horizon Tasks: A Cross-layer Analysis of Robotic Manipulation4 Jun 2026
- 2026RoboWits: Unexpected Challenges for Robotic Creative Problem Solving28 May 2026
- 2026World Action Models: The Next Frontier in Embodied AI12 May 2026
- 2026MolmoAct2: Action Reasoning Models for Real-world Deployment4 May 2026
- 2026RoboPlayground: Democratizing Robotic Evaluation through Structured Physical Domains6 Apr 2026
- 2026PRM-as-a-Judge: A Dense Evaluation Paradigm for Fine-Grained Robotic Auditing23 Mar 2026
- 2026Interactive World Simulator for Robot Policy Training and Evaluation9 Mar 2026
- 2026ConceptACT: Episode-Level Concepts for Sample-Efficient Robotic Imitation Learning23 Jan 2026
- 2025Evaluating Gemini Robotics Policies in a Veo World Simulator11 Dec 2025
- 2025Humanoid Everyday: A Comprehensive Robotic Dataset for Open-World Humanoid Manipulation9 Oct 2025
- 2025Score the Steps, Not Just the Goal: VLM-Based Subgoal Evaluation for Robotic Manipulation23 Sep 2025
- 2026MA-VLA: Multi-Arm Vision-Language-Action Model for Collaboration and Compositional Generalizationcited by 3
- 2026A Few Words Go a Long Way: Language Guided Robot Policy Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026Behavior-Skill: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Evaluating Vision-Language-Action Policies in Long-Horizon Taskscited by 0
- 2026Outcome-Conditioned End-Effector Geometry Across Vision-Language-Action Policiescited by 0
- 2026Faster and Better? Benchmark Bugs and Design Limitations Distort the Evaluation of Vision-Language-Action Accelerationcited by 0
- 2026Rho: A Foundation for Efficiently Adaptable VLA Modelscited by 0
- 2026Is Success All You Need? Investigating the Impact of Input Perturbations on VLA Behaviour in Tabletop Manipulation Taskscited by 0
- 2026Grounded in Time: A Multi-Source Dataset and Benchmark for Temporal Grounding in Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026Grounded in Time: A Multi-Source Dataset and Benchmark for Temporal Grounding in Robotic Manipulation3 Oct 2026
- 2026Is Success All You Need? Investigating the Impact of Input Perturbations on VLA Behaviour in Tabletop Manipulation Tasks1 Oct 2026
- 2026Rho: A Foundation for Efficiently Adaptable VLA Models29 Sep 2026
- 2026Faster and Better? Benchmark Bugs and Design Limitations Distort the Evaluation of Vision-Language-Action Acceleration29 Sep 2026
- 2026Outcome-Conditioned End-Effector Geometry Across Vision-Language-Action Policies18 Sep 2026
- 2026Behavior-Skill: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Evaluating Vision-Language-Action Policies in Long-Horizon Tasks31 Aug 2026
- 2026MA-VLA: Multi-Arm Vision-Language-Action Model for Collaboration and Compositional Generalization26 Aug 2026
- 2026A Few Words Go a Long Way: Language Guided Robot Policy Synthesis26 Jul 2026
- 2025Evaluating Gemini Robotics Policies in a Veo World Simulatorcited by 50
- 2026World Action Models: The Next Frontier in Embodied AIcited by 48
- 2026Interactive World Simulator for Robot Policy Training and Evaluationcited by 30
- 2026World Action Models: A Surveycited by 11
- 2026RoboWorld: Fast and Reliable Neural Simulators for Generalist Robot Policy Evaluationcited by 4
- 2026iMaC: Translating Actions into Motion and Contact Images for Embodied World Modelscited by 2
- 2026RoboPhys-3D: A Comprehensive Embodied World Model Evaluation via 3D Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026Learning to Use Imagination: Progress-Conditioned Future Utilization for World Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026Learning to Use Imagination: Progress-Conditioned Future Utilization for World Action Models6 Sep 2026
- 2026RoboPhys-3D: A Comprehensive Embodied World Model Evaluation via 3D Reconstruction28 Aug 2026
- 2026RoboWorld: Fast and Reliable Neural Simulators for Generalist Robot Policy Evaluation1 Jul 2026
- 2026World Action Models: A Survey18 Jun 2026
- 2026iMaC: Translating Actions into Motion and Contact Images for Embodied World Models8 Jun 2026
- 2026World Action Models: The Next Frontier in Embodied AI12 May 2026
- 2026Interactive World Simulator for Robot Policy Training and Evaluation9 Mar 2026
- 2025Evaluating Gemini Robotics Policies in a Veo World Simulator11 Dec 2025
- 2026MolmoAct2: Action Reasoning Models for Real-world Deploymentcited by 47
- 2025Humanoid Everyday: A Comprehensive Robotic Dataset for Open-World Humanoid Manipulationcited by 23
- 2025Score the Steps, Not Just the Goal: VLM-Based Subgoal Evaluation for Robotic Manipulationcited by 8
- 2026PRM-as-a-Judge: A Dense Evaluation Paradigm for Fine-Grained Robotic Auditingcited by 8
- 2026Data Pyramid for Embodied Manipulation: A Surveycited by 5
- 2026PRM-as-a-Judge 1.5: A Toolkit for Robot Process Assessmentcited by 2
- 2026RoboPlayground: Democratizing Robotic Evaluation through Structured Physical Domainscited by 1
- 2026RoboWits: Unexpected Challenges for Robotic Creative Problem Solvingcited by 1
- 2026Safe Embodied AI for Long-horizon Tasks: A Cross-layer Analysis of Robotic Manipulationcited by 1
- 2026Intelligent Automation for Embodied Benchmark Construction: Pipelines, Embodiments, Simulators, and Trendscited by 1
- 2026ATOM-Bench: A Real-World Benchmark for Atomic Skills and Compositional Generalization in Manipulation Policiescited by 0
- 2026From Vision to Harvest: Benchmarking Vision-Language Models for Multi-Arm Robotic Fruit Harvestingcited by 0
- 2026When Does Test-Time Physical Diagnosis Pay? A Frozen Policy Buys Evidence It Never Readscited by 0
- 2026When Does Test-Time Physical Diagnosis Pay? A Frozen Policy Buys Evidence It Never Reads14 Sep 2026
- 2026From Vision to Harvest: Benchmarking Vision-Language Models for Multi-Arm Robotic Fruit Harvesting11 Sep 2026
- 2026PRM-as-a-Judge 1.5: A Toolkit for Robot Process Assessment14 Aug 2026
- 2026Data Pyramid for Embodied Manipulation: A Survey27 Jul 2026
- 2026ATOM-Bench: A Real-World Benchmark for Atomic Skills and Compositional Generalization in Manipulation Policies15 Jun 2026
- 2026Intelligent Automation for Embodied Benchmark Construction: Pipelines, Embodiments, Simulators, and Trends10 Jun 2026
- 2026Safe Embodied AI for Long-horizon Tasks: A Cross-layer Analysis of Robotic Manipulation4 Jun 2026
- 2026RoboWits: Unexpected Challenges for Robotic Creative Problem Solving28 May 2026
- 2026RoboPlayground: Democratizing Robotic Evaluation through Structured Physical Domains6 Apr 2026
- 2026PRM-as-a-Judge: A Dense Evaluation Paradigm for Fine-Grained Robotic Auditing23 Mar 2026
- 2025Humanoid Everyday: A Comprehensive Robotic Dataset for Open-World Humanoid Manipulation9 Oct 2025
- 2025Score the Steps, Not Just the Goal: VLM-Based Subgoal Evaluation for Robotic Manipulation23 Sep 2025