mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

A Comment On "The Illusion of Thinking": Reframing the Reasoning Cliff as an Agentic Gap

arXiv 2506.18957 ↗First posted 23 Jun 2025cs.AI cs.CL cs.LGcited by 8

On the map: LLM reasoning → Test-time compute and efficient thinking

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

The recent work by Shojaee et al. (2025), titled The Illusion of Thinking: Understanding the Strengths and Limitations of Reasoning Models via the Lens of Problem Complexity, presents a compelling empirical finding, a reasoning cliff, where the performance of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) collapses beyond a specific complexity threshold, which the authors posit as an intrinsic scaling limitation of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. This commentary, while acknowledging the study's methodological rigor, contends that this conclusion is confounded by experimental artifacts. We argue that the observed failure is not evidence of a fundamental cognitive boundary, but rather a predictable outcome of system-level constraints in the static, text-only evaluation paradigm, including tool use restrictions, context window recall issues, the absence of crucial cognitive baselines, inadequate statistical reporting, and output generation limits. We reframe this performance collapse through the lens of an agentic gap, asserting that the models are not failing at reasoning, but at execution within a profoundly restrictive interface. We empirically substantiate this critique by demonstrating a striking reversal. A model, initially declaring a puzzle impossible when confined to text-only generation, now employs agentic tools to not only solve it but also master variations of complexity far beyond the reasoning cliff it previously failed to surmount. Additionally, our empirical analysis of tool-enabled models like o4-mini and GPT-4o reveals a hierarchy of agentic reasoning, from simple procedural execution to complex meta-cognitive self-correction, which has significant implications for how we define and measure machine intelligence. The illusion of thinking attributed to LRMs is less a reasoning deficit and more a consequence of an otherwise capable mind lacking the tools for action.

Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Test-time compute and efficient thinking, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 27 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Jun 2025.

Builds on

27 of 44 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Comment on The Illusion of Thinking: Understanding the Strengths and Limitations of Reasoning Models via the Lens of Problem Complexity10 Jun
  2. 2025The Illusion of Thinking: Understanding the Strengths and Limitations of Reasoning Models via the Lens of Problem Complexity7 Jun
  3. 2025Competitive Programming with Large Reasoning Models3 Feb
  4. 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback30 Mar

Other references · 23

  1. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  2. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
  3. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,182
  4. 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,789
  5. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
  6. 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,455
  7. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,242
  8. 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIscited by 1,947
  9. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,439
  10. 2023MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systemscited by 1,389
  11. 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,332
  12. 2021Show Your Work: Scratchpads for Intermediate Computation with Language Modelscited by 886
11 more
  1. 2023Proving Test Set Contamination in Black Box Language Modelscited by 230
  2. 2024Tool Learning with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 223
  3. 2023Investigating Data Contamination in Modern Benchmarks for Large Language Modelscited by 138
  4. 2024Graph Chain-of-Thought: Augmenting Large Language Models by Reasoning on Graphscited by 119
  5. 2023Turning large language models into cognitive modelscited by 67
  6. 2025Logical Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 55
  7. 2023An Open Source Data Contamination Report for Large Language Modelscited by 51
  8. 2024Large Language Models and Cognitive Science: A Comprehensive Review of Similarities, Differences, and Challengescited by 49
  9. 2023Large Language Models on the Chessboard: A Study on ChatGPT's Formal Language Comprehension and Complex Reasoning Skillscited by 9
  10. 2024Reliable Confidence Intervals for Information Retrieval Evaluation Using Generative A.Icited by 9
  11. 2025Can Large Reasoning Models do Analogical Reasoning under Perceptual Uncertainty?cited by 5

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 5.

8 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Legibility is Not Interpretability: Comparing Judged and Actual Importance in Chain-Of-Thought Reasoning
  2. 2025Performative Thinking? The Brittle Correlation Between CoT Length and Problem Complexity
  3. 2026An Enigma of Artificial Reason: Investigating the Production-Evaluation Gap in Large Reasoning Models
  4. 2026The Potential of CoT for Reasoning: A Closer Look at Trace Dynamics
  5. 2025Thinking Isn't an Illusion: Overcoming the Limitations of Reasoning Models via Tool Augmentations
  6. 2025Can Aha Moments Be Fake? Towards Quantifying Decorative and True Thinking in Chain-of-Thought
  7. 2025Large Reasoning Models are not thinking straight: on the unreliability of thinking trajectories
  8. 2026To Think or Not To Think, That is The Question for Large Reasoning Models in Theory of Mind Tasks