Comment on The Illusion of Thinking: Understanding the Strengths and Limitations of Reasoning Models via the Lens of Problem Complexity
On the map: LLM reasoning → Test-time compute and efficient thinking
Abstract (arXiv)
Shojaee et al. (2025) report that Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) exhibit "accuracy collapse" on planning puzzles beyond certain complexity thresholds. We demonstrate that their findings primarily reflect experimental design limitations rather than fundamental reasoning failures. Our analysis reveals three critical issues: (1) Tower of Hanoi experiments risk exceeding model output token limits, with models explicitly acknowledging these constraints in their outputs; (2) The authors' automated evaluation framework fails to distinguish between reasoning failures and practical constraints, leading to misclassification of model capabilities; (3) Most concerningly, their River Crossing benchmarks include mathematically impossible instances for N > 5 due to insufficient boat capacity, yet models are scored as failures for not solving these unsolvable problems. When we control for these experimental artifacts, by requesting generating functions instead of exhaustive move lists, preliminary experiments across multiple models indicate high accuracy on Tower of Hanoi instances previously reported as complete failures. These findings highlight the importance of careful experimental design when evaluating AI reasoning capabilities.
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Test-time compute and efficient thinking, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 2 of its 4 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Jun 2025.
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- 2023Faith and Fate: Limits of Transformers on Compositionalitycited by 503
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 15; 2026: 8.
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- 2025Frontier LLMs Still Struggle with Simple Reasoning Taskscited by 21
- 2026Large Language Model Reasoning Failurescited by 21
- 2025From Prompts to Constructs: A Dual-Validity Framework for Large Language Model Research in Psychologycited by 9
- 2025Comprehension Without Competence: Architectural Limits of LLMs in Symbolic Computation and Reasoningcited by 9
- 2025Are LLM Belief Updates Consistent with Bayes' Theorem?cited by 9
- 2025Lexical Hints of Accuracy in LLM Reasoning Chainscited by 9
- 2025A Comment On "The Illusion of Thinking": Reframing the Reasoning Cliff as an Agentic Gapcited by 8
- 2025BeyondBench: Contamination-Resistant Evaluation of Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 8
- 2025How Far Are LLMs from Symbolic Planners? An NLP-Based Perspectivecited by 6
- 2025End-to-end PDDL Planning with Hardcoded and Dynamic Agentscited by 5
- 2025Reasoning Models Reason Well, Until They Don'tcited by 4
- 2025CoreThink: A Symbolic Reasoning Layer to reason over Long Horizon Tasks with LLMscited by 3
11 more
- 2025Rethinking the Illusion of Thinkingcited by 2
- 2026Remapping and navigation of an embedding space via error minimization: a fundamental organizational principle of cognition in natural and artificial systemscited by 1
- 2025Fail Fast, or Ask: Mitigating the Deficiencies of Reasoning LLMs with Human-in-the-Loop Systems Engineeringcited by 0
- 2025The STAR-XAI Protocol: A Framework for Inducing and Verifying Agency, Reasoning, and Reliability in AI Agentscited by 0
- 2025Limits of Emergent Reasoning of Large Language Models in Agentic Frameworks for Deterministic Gamescited by 0
- 2026Diagnosing Structural Failures in LLM-Based Evidence Extraction for Meta-Analysiscited by 0
- 2026What properties of reasoning supervision are associated with improved downstream model quality?cited by 0
- 2026Learning to Reason Efficiently with A* Post-Trainingcited by 0
- 2026TRACE: An Operational Reasoning Schema for Auditable Agentic Commitmentscited by 0
- 2026WordPolo: Evaluating Language Models Through Iterative Semantic Feedbackcited by 0
- 2026A Systematic Study of Small Language Models on Abstract Reasoning Taskscited by 0
- 2026A Systematic Study of Small Language Models on Abstract Reasoning Tasks6 Oct 2026
- 2026WordPolo: Evaluating Language Models Through Iterative Semantic Feedback18 Jul 2026
- 2026TRACE: An Operational Reasoning Schema for Auditable Agentic Commitments14 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning to Reason Efficiently with A* Post-Training23 May 2026
- 2026What properties of reasoning supervision are associated with improved downstream model quality?13 May 2026
- 2026Diagnosing Structural Failures in LLM-Based Evidence Extraction for Meta-Analysis11 Feb 2026
- 2026Large Language Model Reasoning Failures5 Feb 2026
- 2026Remapping and navigation of an embedding space via error minimization: a fundamental organizational principle of cognition in natural and artificial systems20 Jan 2026
- 2025End-to-end PDDL Planning with Hardcoded and Dynamic Agents10 Dec 2025
- 2025Reasoning Models Reason Well, Until They Don't25 Oct 2025
- 2025Limits of Emergent Reasoning of Large Language Models in Agentic Frameworks for Deterministic Games12 Oct 2025
- 2025BeyondBench: Contamination-Resistant Evaluation of Reasoning in Language Models29 Sep 2025
11 more
- 2025The STAR-XAI Protocol: A Framework for Inducing and Verifying Agency, Reasoning, and Reliability in AI Agents22 Sep 2025
- 2025CoreThink: A Symbolic Reasoning Layer to reason over Long Horizon Tasks with LLMs31 Aug 2025
- 2025Lexical Hints of Accuracy in LLM Reasoning Chains19 Aug 2025
- 2025How Far Are LLMs from Symbolic Planners? An NLP-Based Perspective2 Aug 2025
- 2025Are LLM Belief Updates Consistent with Bayes' Theorem?23 Jul 2025
- 2025Fail Fast, or Ask: Mitigating the Deficiencies of Reasoning LLMs with Human-in-the-Loop Systems Engineering18 Jul 2025
- 2025Comprehension Without Competence: Architectural Limits of LLMs in Symbolic Computation and Reasoning14 Jul 2025
- 2025Frontier LLMs Still Struggle with Simple Reasoning Tasks9 Jul 2025
- 2025Rethinking the Illusion of Thinking1 Jul 2025
- 2025A Comment On "The Illusion of Thinking": Reframing the Reasoning Cliff as an Agentic Gap23 Jun 2025
- 2025From Prompts to Constructs: A Dual-Validity Framework for Large Language Model Research in Psychology20 Jun 2025
- 2025Frontier LLMs Still Struggle with Simple Reasoning Taskscited by 21
- 2026Large Language Model Reasoning Failurescited by 21
- 2025Comprehension Without Competence: Architectural Limits of LLMs in Symbolic Computation and Reasoningcited by 9
- 2025Lexical Hints of Accuracy in LLM Reasoning Chainscited by 9
- 2025A Comment On "The Illusion of Thinking": Reframing the Reasoning Cliff as an Agentic Gapcited by 8
- 2025BeyondBench: Contamination-Resistant Evaluation of Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 8
- 2025Reasoning Models Reason Well, Until They Don'tcited by 4
- 2025CoreThink: A Symbolic Reasoning Layer to reason over Long Horizon Tasks with LLMscited by 3
- 2025Rethinking the Illusion of Thinkingcited by 2
- 2025Fail Fast, or Ask: Mitigating the Deficiencies of Reasoning LLMs with Human-in-the-Loop Systems Engineeringcited by 0
- 2025The STAR-XAI Protocol: A Framework for Inducing and Verifying Agency, Reasoning, and Reliability in AI Agentscited by 0
- 2025Limits of Emergent Reasoning of Large Language Models in Agentic Frameworks for Deterministic Gamescited by 0
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026A Systematic Study of Small Language Models on Abstract Reasoning Tasks6 Oct 2026
- 2026WordPolo: Evaluating Language Models Through Iterative Semantic Feedback18 Jul 2026
- 2026TRACE: An Operational Reasoning Schema for Auditable Agentic Commitments14 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning to Reason Efficiently with A* Post-Training23 May 2026
- 2026What properties of reasoning supervision are associated with improved downstream model quality?13 May 2026
- 2026Large Language Model Reasoning Failures5 Feb 2026
- 2025Reasoning Models Reason Well, Until They Don't25 Oct 2025
- 2025Limits of Emergent Reasoning of Large Language Models in Agentic Frameworks for Deterministic Games12 Oct 2025
- 2025BeyondBench: Contamination-Resistant Evaluation of Reasoning in Language Models29 Sep 2025
- 2025The STAR-XAI Protocol: A Framework for Inducing and Verifying Agency, Reasoning, and Reliability in AI Agents22 Sep 2025
- 2025CoreThink: A Symbolic Reasoning Layer to reason over Long Horizon Tasks with LLMs31 Aug 2025
- 2025Lexical Hints of Accuracy in LLM Reasoning Chains19 Aug 2025
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2025End-to-end PDDL Planning with Hardcoded and Dynamic Agents10 Dec 2025
- 2025From Prompts to Constructs: A Dual-Validity Framework for Large Language Model Research in Psychologycited by 9
- 2025Are LLM Belief Updates Consistent with Bayes' Theorem?cited by 9
- 2025How Far Are LLMs from Symbolic Planners? An NLP-Based Perspectivecited by 6
- 2026Remapping and navigation of an embedding space via error minimization: a fundamental organizational principle of cognition in natural and artificial systemscited by 1
- 2026Diagnosing Structural Failures in LLM-Based Evidence Extraction for Meta-Analysiscited by 0
- 2026Diagnosing Structural Failures in LLM-Based Evidence Extraction for Meta-Analysis11 Feb 2026
- 2026Remapping and navigation of an embedding space via error minimization: a fundamental organizational principle of cognition in natural and artificial systems20 Jan 2026
- 2025How Far Are LLMs from Symbolic Planners? An NLP-Based Perspective2 Aug 2025
- 2025Are LLM Belief Updates Consistent with Bayes' Theorem?23 Jul 2025
- 2025From Prompts to Constructs: A Dual-Validity Framework for Large Language Model Research in Psychology20 Jun 2025
Similar, not cited
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- 2026Transformers Struggle to Use Their Emergent World Models: Revisiting the Tower of Hanoi, and the Illusion of Thinking
- 2025Large Reasoning Models are not thinking straight: on the unreliability of thinking trajectories
- 2024On the Self-Verification Limitations of Large Language Models on Reasoning and Planning Tasks
- 2026Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Training, Inference, and Failures
- 2025On the Reasoning Capacity of AI Models and How to Quantify It
- 2024Chain of Thoughtlessness? An Analysis of CoT in Planning
- 2023Can LLMs Fix Issues with Reasoning Models? Towards More Likely Models for AI Planning
- 2026Extracting Search Trees from LLM Reasoning Traces Reveals Myopic Planning