SWE-Dev: Building Software Engineering Agents with Training and Inference Scaling
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly from conversational problem solving to addressing real-world tasks involving tool use, such as software engineering (SWE). Recent LLM-powered toolkits, such as OpenAI Codex and Cursor, have offered end-to-end automation of the software development process. However, building effective SWE agents remains challenging due to the lack of high-quality training data and effective test cases. To address this issue, we present SWE-Dev, an SWE agent built upon open-source LLMs. First, we develop a robust pipeline to synthesize test cases for patch evaluation. Second, we scale up agent trajectories to construct the training data for building SWE-Dev. Experiments on the SWE-bench-Verified benchmark show that the SWE-Dev models can achieve top performance among all open SWE agents. Specifically, the success rates of the SWE-Dev 7B and 32B parameter models reach 23.4% and 36.6%, respectively, outperforming state-of-the-art open-source models. All code, models, and datasets are publicly available at https://github.com/THUDM/SWE-Dev.
Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 32 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jun 2025.
Builds on
32 of 51 references.
Closest ancestors · 7
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Training Software Engineering Agents and Verifiers with SWE-Gym30 Dec
- 2024Lingma SWE-GPT: An Open Development-Process-Centric Language Model for Automated Software Improvement1 Nov
- 2024SWE-Search: Enhancing Software Agents with Monte Carlo Tree Search and Iterative Refinement26 Oct
- 2024MarsCode Agent: AI-native Automated Bug Fixing2 Sep
- 2024Diversity Empowers Intelligence: Integrating Expertise of Software Engineering Agents13 Aug
- 2024Agentless: Demystifying LLM-based Software Engineering Agents1 Jul
- 2024SWE-agent: Agent-Computer Interfaces Enable Automated Software Engineering6 May
Other references · 25
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
- 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,586
- 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,373
- 2022Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCodecited by 1,462
- 2024ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Toolscited by 1,121
- 2024Large Language Monkeys: Scaling Inference Compute with Repeated Samplingcited by 991
- 2023Ring Attention with Blockwise Transformers for Near-Infinite Contextcited by 457
- 2024WebRL: Training LLM Web Agents via Self-Evolving Online Curriculum Reinforcement Learningcited by 256
- 2024ArCHer: Training Language Model Agents via Hierarchical Multi-Turn RLcited by 228
- 2024DigiRL: Training In-The-Wild Device-Control Agents with Autonomous Reinforcement Learningcited by 214
- 2024SWE-bench Multimodal: Do AI Systems Generalize to Visual Software Domains?cited by 203
13 more
- 2022Offline RL for Natural Language Generation with Implicit Language Q Learningcited by 138
- 2024AgentGym: Evolving Large Language Model-based Agents across Diverse Environmentscited by 120
- 2025Competitive Programming with Large Reasoning Modelscited by 119
- 2025Learn-by-interact: A Data-Centric Framework for Self-Adaptive Agents in Realistic Environmentscited by 95
- 2025SWE-Fixer: Training Open-Source LLMs for Effective and Efficient GitHub Issue Resolutioncited by 90
- 2025T1: Advancing Language Model Reasoning through Reinforcement Learning and Inference Scalingcited by 77
- 2024EvoCodeBench: An Evolving Code Generation Benchmark Aligned with Real-World Code Repositoriescited by 72
- 2024DevEval: A Manually-Annotated Code Generation Benchmark Aligned with Real-World Code Repositoriescited by 72
- 2024Offline Reinforcement Learning for LLM Multi-Step Reasoningcited by 54
- 2024Does RLHF Scale? Exploring the Impacts From Data, Model, and Methodcited by 23
- 2023Enhancing Open-Domain Task-Solving Capability of LLMs via Autonomous Tool Integration from GitHubcited by 7
- 2024Adapting While Learning: Grounding LLMs for Scientific Problems with Intelligent Tool Usage Adaptationcited by 7
- 2024SuperCoder2.0: Technical Report on Exploring the feasibility of LLMs as Autonomous Programmercited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 22.
26 papers.
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- 2026SWE-Lego: Pushing the Limits of Supervised Fine-tuning for Software Issue Resolvingcited by 31
- 2025Skywork-SWE: Unveiling Data Scaling Laws for Software Engineering in LLMscited by 26
- 2026SWE-Explore: Benchmarking How Coding Agents Explore Repositoriescited by 21
- 2026TRACE: Turn-level Reward Assignment via Credit Estimation for Long-Horizon Agentscited by 16
- 2025WebGen-Agent: Enhancing Interactive Website Generation with Multi-Level Feedback and Step-Level Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
- 2026SWE-MeM: Learning Adaptive Memory Management for Long-Horizon Coding Agentscited by 15
- 2026CompactionRL: Reinforcement Learning with Context Compaction for Long-Horizon Agentscited by 14
- 2026DIVE: Scaling Diversity in Agentic Task Synthesis for Generalizable Tool Usecited by 13
- 2026Open-SWE-Traces: Advancing Dual-Mode Multilingual Distillation for Software Engineering Agentscited by 10
- 2026Revisiting DAgger in the Era of LLM-Agentscited by 7
- 2025Agentic Software Issue Resolution with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 6
- 2026From SWE-ZERO to SWE-HERO: Execution-free to Execution-based Fine-tuning for Software Engineering Agentscited by 6
14 more
- 2026SWE-AGILE: A Software Agent Framework for Efficiently Managing Dynamic Reasoning Contextcited by 6
- 2026RoadmapBench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Agentic Software Development Across Version Upgradescited by 4
- 2026FrogNano: Training a 4B Coding Agent via Online Task Synthesiscited by 4
- 2026SWE-Edit: Rethinking Code Editing for Efficient SWE-Agentcited by 3
- 2026What Makes Good Agentic Data? An ACE Lens on Data Generation for LLM Agentscited by 3
- 2026ExecCritic: Learn to Test, Test to Improve for Coding Agentscited by 3
- 2026Automating Database-Native Function Code Synthesis with LLMscited by 2
- 2025Interaction as Intelligence Part II: Asynchronous Human-Agent Rollout for Long-Horizon Task Trainingcited by 1
- 2026HE-SNR: Uncovering Latent Logic via Entropy for Guiding Mid-Training on SWE-benchcited by 1
- 2026SWE-Fuse: Empowering Software Agents via Issue-free Trajectory Learning and Entropy-aware RLVR Trainingcited by 1
- 2026SecProbe: Adaptive Evaluation of Coding Agents on Cybersecurity Vulnerabilitiescited by 1
- 2026One to More, More to One: Category-Aware Iterative Expert Training for Software Engineering Agentscited by 0
- 2026Teaching Agents to Code Reliablycited by 0
- 2026ANTE: Anticipate, Then Execute -- Learning Internal World Models for Coding Agents from Verified Beliefscited by 0
- 2026ANTE: Anticipate, Then Execute -- Learning Internal World Models for Coding Agents from Verified Beliefs11 Oct 2026
- 2026Teaching Agents to Code Reliably2 Oct 2026
- 2026SecProbe: Adaptive Evaluation of Coding Agents on Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities27 Sep 2026
- 2026One to More, More to One: Category-Aware Iterative Expert Training for Software Engineering Agents20 Sep 2026
- 2026ExecCritic: Learn to Test, Test to Improve for Coding Agents8 Sep 2026
- 2026FrogNano: Training a 4B Coding Agent via Online Task Synthesis7 Sep 2026
- 2026What Makes Good Agentic Data? An ACE Lens on Data Generation for LLM Agents27 Aug 2026
- 2026TRACE: Turn-level Reward Assignment via Credit Estimation for Long-Horizon Agents15 Jul 2026
- 2026CompactionRL: Reinforcement Learning with Context Compaction for Long-Horizon Agents6 Jul 2026
- 2026SWE-MeM: Learning Adaptive Memory Management for Long-Horizon Coding Agents26 Jun 2026
- 2026Open-SWE-Traces: Advancing Dual-Mode Multilingual Distillation for Software Engineering Agents14 Jun 2026
- 2026SWE-Explore: Benchmarking How Coding Agents Explore Repositories5 Jun 2026
14 more
- 2026RoadmapBench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Agentic Software Development Across Version Upgrades15 May 2026
- 2026Revisiting DAgger in the Era of LLM-Agents13 May 2026
- 2026SWE-Edit: Rethinking Code Editing for Efficient SWE-Agent28 Apr 2026
- 2026SWE-AGILE: A Software Agent Framework for Efficiently Managing Dynamic Reasoning Context13 Apr 2026
- 2026Automating Database-Native Function Code Synthesis with LLMs2 Apr 2026
- 2026From SWE-ZERO to SWE-HERO: Execution-free to Execution-based Fine-tuning for Software Engineering Agents2 Apr 2026
- 2026DIVE: Scaling Diversity in Agentic Task Synthesis for Generalizable Tool Use10 Mar 2026
- 2026SWE-Fuse: Empowering Software Agents via Issue-free Trajectory Learning and Entropy-aware RLVR Training9 Mar 2026
- 2026HE-SNR: Uncovering Latent Logic via Entropy for Guiding Mid-Training on SWE-bench28 Jan 2026
- 2026SWE-Lego: Pushing the Limits of Supervised Fine-tuning for Software Issue Resolving4 Jan 2026
- 2025Agentic Software Issue Resolution with Large Language Models: A Survey24 Dec 2025
- 2025Interaction as Intelligence Part II: Asynchronous Human-Agent Rollout for Long-Horizon Task Training31 Oct 2025
- 2025WebGen-Agent: Enhancing Interactive Website Generation with Multi-Level Feedback and Step-Level Reinforcement Learning26 Sep 2025
- 2025Skywork-SWE: Unveiling Data Scaling Laws for Software Engineering in LLMs24 Jun 2025
- 2025Skywork-SWE: Unveiling Data Scaling Laws for Software Engineering in LLMscited by 26
- 2026SWE-Explore: Benchmarking How Coding Agents Explore Repositoriescited by 21
- 2026SWE-MeM: Learning Adaptive Memory Management for Long-Horizon Coding Agentscited by 15
- 2026CompactionRL: Reinforcement Learning with Context Compaction for Long-Horizon Agentscited by 14
- 2026DIVE: Scaling Diversity in Agentic Task Synthesis for Generalizable Tool Usecited by 13
- 2026Open-SWE-Traces: Advancing Dual-Mode Multilingual Distillation for Software Engineering Agentscited by 10
- 2026Revisiting DAgger in the Era of LLM-Agentscited by 7
- 2025Agentic Software Issue Resolution with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 6
- 2026From SWE-ZERO to SWE-HERO: Execution-free to Execution-based Fine-tuning for Software Engineering Agentscited by 6
- 2026RoadmapBench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Agentic Software Development Across Version Upgradescited by 4
- 2026FrogNano: Training a 4B Coding Agent via Online Task Synthesiscited by 4
- 2026What Makes Good Agentic Data? An ACE Lens on Data Generation for LLM Agentscited by 3
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026Teaching Agents to Code Reliably2 Oct 2026
- 2026SecProbe: Adaptive Evaluation of Coding Agents on Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities27 Sep 2026
- 2026ExecCritic: Learn to Test, Test to Improve for Coding Agents8 Sep 2026
- 2026FrogNano: Training a 4B Coding Agent via Online Task Synthesis7 Sep 2026
- 2026What Makes Good Agentic Data? An ACE Lens on Data Generation for LLM Agents27 Aug 2026
- 2026CompactionRL: Reinforcement Learning with Context Compaction for Long-Horizon Agents6 Jul 2026
- 2026SWE-MeM: Learning Adaptive Memory Management for Long-Horizon Coding Agents26 Jun 2026
- 2026Open-SWE-Traces: Advancing Dual-Mode Multilingual Distillation for Software Engineering Agents14 Jun 2026
- 2026SWE-Explore: Benchmarking How Coding Agents Explore Repositories5 Jun 2026
- 2026RoadmapBench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Agentic Software Development Across Version Upgrades15 May 2026
- 2026Revisiting DAgger in the Era of LLM-Agents13 May 2026
- 2026From SWE-ZERO to SWE-HERO: Execution-free to Execution-based Fine-tuning for Software Engineering Agents2 Apr 2026
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026SWE-Lego: Pushing the Limits of Supervised Fine-tuning for Software Issue Resolvingcited by 31
- 2026TRACE: Turn-level Reward Assignment via Credit Estimation for Long-Horizon Agentscited by 16
- 2026SWE-AGILE: A Software Agent Framework for Efficiently Managing Dynamic Reasoning Contextcited by 6
- 2026Automating Database-Native Function Code Synthesis with LLMscited by 2
- 2026HE-SNR: Uncovering Latent Logic via Entropy for Guiding Mid-Training on SWE-benchcited by 1
- 2026TRACE: Turn-level Reward Assignment via Credit Estimation for Long-Horizon Agents15 Jul 2026
- 2026SWE-AGILE: A Software Agent Framework for Efficiently Managing Dynamic Reasoning Context13 Apr 2026
- 2026Automating Database-Native Function Code Synthesis with LLMs2 Apr 2026
- 2026HE-SNR: Uncovering Latent Logic via Entropy for Guiding Mid-Training on SWE-bench28 Jan 2026
- 2026SWE-Lego: Pushing the Limits of Supervised Fine-tuning for Software Issue Resolving4 Jan 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025SWE-Dev: Evaluating and Training Autonomous Feature-Driven Software Development
- 2026SWE-Master: Unleashing the Potential of Software Engineering Agents via Post-Training
- 2026SWE-World: Building Software Engineering Agents in Docker-Free Environments
- 2025SWE-smith: Scaling Data for Software Engineering Agents
- 2026SWE-rebench V2: Language-Agnostic SWE Task Collection at Scale
- 2025Training Versatile Coding Agents in Synthetic Environments
- 2025SWE-Compass: Towards Unified Evaluation of Agentic Coding Abilities for Large Language Models
- 2025Kimi-Dev: Agentless Training as Skill Prior for SWE-Agents