Crowd-SFT: Crowdsourcing for LLM Alignment
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → LLM preference optimization methods
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) to align model responses with human preferences. While RLHF employs a reinforcement learning approach with a separate reward model, SFT uses human-curated datasets for supervised learning. Both approaches traditionally depend on small, vetted groups of annotators, making them costly, prone to bias, and limited in scalability. We propose an open, crowd-sourced fine-tuning framework that addresses these limitations by enabling broader feedback collection for SFT without extensive annotator training. Our framework promotes incentive fairness via a point-based reward system correlated with Shapley values and guides model convergence through iterative model updates. Our multi-model selection framework demonstrates up to a 55% reduction in target distance over single-model selection, enabling subsequent experiments that validate our point-based reward mechanism's close alignment with Shapley values (a well-established method for attributing individual contributions) thereby supporting fair and scalable participation.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in LLM preference optimization methods, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 9 of its 12 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Jun 2025.
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- 2017A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictionscited by 6,488
- 2022Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 3,634
- 2024Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preferencecited by 1,151
- 2023Open Problems and Fundamental Limitations of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 743
- 2020GoEmotions: A Dataset of Fine-Grained Emotionscited by 479
- 2020Improving KernelSHAP: Practical Shapley Value Estimation via Linear Regressioncited by 153
- 2018A Marketplace for Data: An Algorithmic Solutioncited by 75
- 2021Transparent Contribution Evaluation for Secure Federated Learning on Blockchaincited by 16
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- 2024Aligning Large Language Models via Fine-grained Supervision
- 2024Aligning Crowd Feedback via Distributional Preference Reward Modeling
- 2025Self-Rewarding PPO: Aligning Large Language Models with Demonstrations Only
- 2023Aligning Large Language Models through Synthetic Feedback
- 2024Sample-Efficient Alignment for LLMs
- 2025Massive Supervised Fine-tuning Experiments Reveal How Data, Layer, and Training Factors Shape LLM Alignment Quality
- 2023Beyond Imitation: Leveraging Fine-grained Quality Signals for Alignment
- 2023On Diversified Preferences of Large Language Model Alignment