mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

DarkDiff: Advancing Low-Light Raw Enhancement by Retasking Diffusion Models for Camera ISP

arXiv 2505.23743 ↗First posted 29 May 2025cs.CV eess.IVcited by 2

On the map: Diffusion models → Inverse problems and image restoration

Abstract (arXiv)

High-quality photography in extreme low-light conditions is challenging but impactful for digital cameras. With advanced computing hardware, traditional camera image signal processor (ISP) algorithms are gradually being replaced by efficient deep networks that enhance noisy raw images more intelligently. However, existing regression-based models often minimize pixel errors and result in oversmoothing of low-light photos or deep shadows. Recent work has attempted to address this limitation by training a diffusion model from scratch, yet those models still struggle to recover sharp image details and accurate colors. We introduce a novel framework to enhance low-light raw images by retasking pre-trained generative diffusion models with the camera ISP. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art in perceptual quality across three challenging low-light raw image benchmarks.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Inverse problems and image restoration, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 49 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2025.

Builds on

49 of 56 references.

Closest ancestors · 13

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024LightenDiffusion: Unsupervised Low-Light Image Enhancement with Latent-Retinex Diffusion Models12 Jul
  2. 2023LDM-ISP: Enhancing Neural ISP for Low Light with Latent Diffusion Models2 Dec
  3. 2023Reti-Diff: Illumination Degradation Image Restoration with Retinex-based Latent Diffusion Model20 Nov
  4. 2023Global Structure-Aware Diffusion Process for Low-Light Image Enhancement26 Oct
  5. 2023DiffBIR: Towards Blind Image Restoration with Generative Diffusion Prior29 Aug
  6. 2023Diff-Retinex: Rethinking Low-light Image Enhancement with A Generative Diffusion Model25 Aug
  7. 2023Low-Light Image Enhancement with Wavelet-based Diffusion Models1 Jun
  8. 2023Generative Diffusion Prior for Unified Image Restoration and Enhancement3 Apr
  9. 2023Implicit Diffusion Models for Continuous Super-Resolution29 Mar
  10. 2022Zero-Shot Image Restoration Using Denoising Diffusion Null-Space Model1 Dec
  11. 2022Restoring Vision in Adverse Weather Conditions with Patch-Based Denoising Diffusion Models29 Jul
  12. 2022Denoising Diffusion Restoration Models27 Jan
1 more
  1. 2021Deblurring via Stochastic Refinement5 Dec

Other references · 36

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  3. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
  4. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  5. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
  6. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
  7. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,058
  8. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
  9. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,503
  10. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,101
  11. 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,588
  12. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,253
24 more
  1. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,611
  2. 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,431
  3. 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 1,430
  4. 2022Imagic: Text-Based Real Image Editing with Diffusion Modelscited by 1,178
  5. 2020Improved Techniques for Training Score-Based Generative Modelscited by 1,043
  6. 2021CrossViT: Cross-Attention Multi-Scale Vision Transformer for Image Classificationcited by 806
  7. 2022DiffEdit: Diffusion-based semantic image editing with mask guidancecited by 647
  8. 2017The Perception-Distortion Tradeoffcited by 587
  9. 2018Learning to See in the Darkcited by 460
  10. 2023Training-Free Layout Control with Cross-Attention Guidancecited by 313
  11. 2018Unprocessing Images for Learned Raw Denoisingcited by 250
  12. 2015LLNet: A Deep Autoencoder Approach to Natural Low-light Image Enhancementcited by 224
  13. 2020PIPAL: a Large-Scale Image Quality Assessment Dataset for Perceptual Image Restorationcited by 178
  14. 2020A Physics-based Noise Formation Model for Extreme Low-light Raw Denoisingcited by 138
  15. 2019Noise Flow: Noise Modeling with Conditional Normalizing Flowscited by 108
  16. 2022RestoreFormer: High-Quality Blind Face Restoration from Undegraded Key-Value Pairscited by 85
  17. 2023Low-Light Image Enhancement via Structure Modeling and Guidancecited by 79
  18. 2024Diffusion Models in Low-Level Vision: A Surveycited by 74
  19. 2021Low-light Image Enhancement via Breaking Down the Darknesscited by 65
  20. 2019Handheld Mobile Photography in Very Low Lightcited by 56
  21. 2022NTIRE 2022 Challenge on Perceptual Image Quality Assessmentcited by 41
  22. 2023Low-Light Image Enhancement with Illumination-Aware Gamma Correction and Complete Image Modelling Networkcited by 33
  23. 2023Diffusion in the Dark: A Diffusion Model for Low-Light Text Recognitioncited by 20
  24. 2023Towards General Low-Light Raw Noise Synthesis and Modelingcited by 19

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023DiffuseRAW: End-to-End Generative RAW Image Processing for Low-Light Images
  2. 2025TS-Diff: Two-Stage Diffusion Model for Low-Light RAW Image Enhancement
  3. 2023LLDiffusion: Learning Degradation Representations in Diffusion Models for Low-Light Image Enhancement
  4. 2025Towards Realistic Low-Light Image Enhancement via ISP Driven Data Modeling
  5. 2026RawGen: Learning Camera Raw Image Generation
  6. 2024AGLLDiff: Guiding Diffusion Models Towards Unsupervised Training-free Real-world Low-light Image Enhancement
  7. 2025Learning to See in the Extremely Dark
  8. 2025Dark Noise Diffusion: Noise Synthesis for Low-Light Image Denoising