SPR-128K: A New Benchmark for Spatial Plausibility Reasoning with Multimodal Large Language Models
On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
The performance of image generation has been significantly improved in recent years. However, the study of image screening is rare, and its performance with Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is unsatisfactory due to the lack of data and the weak spatial plausibility reasoning ability in MLLMs. In this work, we propose a complete solution to address these problems in terms of data and methodology. For data, we collect a comprehensive spatial plausibility reasoning (SPR) dataset with over 128k samples, called SPR-128K. The dataset evaluates spatial plausibility reasoning ability under four aspects. Regarding data annotation, we investigate multiple approaches to acquire high-quality Chain-of-Thought (CoT) data in the most cost-effective manner. Methodologically, we introduce a Dynamic Proportional Accuracy (DPA) reward into the Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) framework, called DPA-GRPO. This enhanced method demonstrates superior performance compared to the original GRPO. Our experiments reveal that even leading MLLMs exhibit unsatisfactory performance in spatial plausibility reasoning. In contrast, our much smaller model, leveraging DPA-GRPO, substantially surpasses both large open-source and leading closed-source models.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 23 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2025.
Builds on
23 of 36 references.
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11 more
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
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- 2025MMSI-Bench: A Benchmark for Multi-Image Spatial Intelligence
- 2026Trace, Verify, and Correct: A Training-Free Framework for Spatial Reasoning in Multimodal LLMs
- 2025Scaling and Beyond: Advancing Spatial Reasoning in MLLMs Requires New Recipes
- 2026Faithful GRPO: Improving Visual Spatial Reasoning in Multimodal Language Models via Constrained Policy Optimization
- 2025SpatialScore: Towards Comprehensive Evaluation for Spatial Intelligence
- 2024Is A Picture Worth A Thousand Words? Delving Into Spatial Reasoning for Vision Language Models
- 2025Mind the Gap: Benchmarking Spatial Reasoning in Vision-Language Models
- 2026Towards a Data-Centric Understanding of Spatial Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models