First Finish Search: Efficient Test-Time Scaling in Large Language Models
On the map: LLM reasoning → Test-time compute and efficient thinking
Abstract (arXiv)
Test-time scaling (TTS), which involves dynamic allocation of compute during inference, offers a promising way to improve reasoning in large language models. While existing TTS methods work well, they often rely on long decoding paths or require a large number of samples to be generated, increasing the token usage and inference latency. We observe the surprising fact that for reasoning tasks, shorter traces are much more likely to be correct than longer ones. Motivated by this, we introduce First Finish Search (FFS), a training-free parallel decoding strategy that launches n independent samples and returns as soon as any one completes. We evaluate FFS alongside simple decoding, beam search, majority voting, and budget forcing on four reasoning models (DeepSeek-R1, R1-Distill-Qwen-32B, QwQ-32B and Phi-4-Reasoning-Plus) and across four datasets (AIME24, AIME25-I, AIME25-II and GPQA Diamond). With DeepSeek-R1, FFS achieves 82.23% accuracy on the AIME datasets, a 15% improvement over DeepSeek-R1's standalone accuracy, nearly matching OpenAI's o4-mini performance. Our theoretical analysis explains why stopping at the shortest trace is likely to yield a correct answer and identifies the conditions under which early stopping may be suboptimal. The elegance and simplicity of FFS demonstrate that straightforward TTS strategies can perform remarkably well, revealing the untapped potential of simple approaches at inference time.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Test-time compute and efficient thinking, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 29 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 May 2025.
Builds on
29 of 36 references.
Closest ancestors · 11
Same direction, newest first
- 2025A Survey on Test-Time Scaling in Large Language Models: What, How, Where, and How Well?31 Mar
- 2025L1: Controlling How Long A Reasoning Model Thinks With Reinforcement Learning6 Mar
- 2025Learning to Reason from Feedback at Test-Time16 Feb
- 2025Step Back to Leap Forward: Self-Backtracking for Boosting Reasoning of Language Models6 Feb
- 2025CoAT: Chain-of-Associated-Thoughts Framework for Enhancing Large Language Models Reasoning4 Feb
- 2025s1: Simple test-time scaling31 Jan
- 2025Thoughts Are All Over the Place: On the Underthinking of o1-Like LLMs30 Jan
- 2025Evolving Deeper LLM Thinking17 Jan
- 2024Inference-Aware Fine-Tuning for Best-of-N Sampling in Large Language Models18 Dec
- 2024Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters6 Aug
- 2024Stream of Search (SoS): Learning to Search in Language1 Apr
Other references · 18
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
- 2024Large Language Monkeys: Scaling Inference Compute with Repeated Samplingcited by 991
- 2024DeepSeek-V3 Technical Reportcited by 811
- 2025From System 1 to System 2: A Survey of Reasoning Large Language Modelscited by 320
- 2016Diverse Beam Search: Decoding Diverse Solutions from Neural Sequence Modelscited by 301
- 2024Monte Carlo Tree Search Boosts Reasoning via Iterative Preference Learningcited by 241
- 2023Planning with Large Language Models for Code Generationcited by 182
- 2025Phi-4-reasoning Technical Reportcited by 151
- 2024From Decoding to Meta-Generation: Inference-time Algorithms for Large Language Modelscited by 137
- 2025S*: Test Time Scaling for Code Generationcited by 98
6 more
- 2023Don't throw away your value model! Generating more preferable text with Value-Guided Monte-Carlo Tree Search decodingcited by 60
- 2025Agentic Reward Modeling: Integrating Human Preferences with Verifiable Correctness Signals for Reliable Reward Systemscited by 51
- 2024A Simple Model of Inference Scaling Lawscited by 36
- 2025MCTS-Judge: Test-Time Scaling in LLM-as-a-Judge for Code Correctness Evaluationcited by 32
- 2025Thinking Machines: A Survey of LLM based Reasoning Strategiescited by 25
- 2024OlympicArena Medal Ranks: Who Is the Most Intelligent AI So Far?cited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
9 papers.
- 2025Don't Overthink It: A Survey of Efficient R1-style Large Reasoning Modelscited by 37
- 2026Think Deep, Not Just Long: Measuring LLM Reasoning Effort via Deep-Thinking Tokenscited by 22
- 2025The Art of Scaling Test-Time Compute for Large Language Modelscited by 12
- 2026Neural Chain-of-Thought Search: Searching the Optimal Reasoning Path to Enhance Large Language Modelscited by 8
- 2025Building Coding Agents via Entropy-Enhanced Multi-Turn Preference Optimizationcited by 6
- 2025On the Limits of Test-Time Compute: Sequential Reward Filtering for Better Inferencecited by 6
- 2026Predicting and improving test-time scaling laws via reward tail-guided searchcited by 2
- 2026BFS-PO: Best-First Search for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 2
- 2026Frustratingly Easy Majority Voting Using Length Conditioningcited by 0
- 2026Frustratingly Easy Majority Voting Using Length Conditioning14 Oct 2026
- 2026BFS-PO: Best-First Search for Large Reasoning Models16 Feb 2026
- 2026Think Deep, Not Just Long: Measuring LLM Reasoning Effort via Deep-Thinking Tokens13 Feb 2026
- 2026Predicting and improving test-time scaling laws via reward tail-guided search1 Feb 2026
- 2026Neural Chain-of-Thought Search: Searching the Optimal Reasoning Path to Enhance Large Language Models16 Jan 2026
- 2025On the Limits of Test-Time Compute: Sequential Reward Filtering for Better Inference4 Dec 2025
- 2025The Art of Scaling Test-Time Compute for Large Language Models1 Dec 2025
- 2025Building Coding Agents via Entropy-Enhanced Multi-Turn Preference Optimization15 Sep 2025
- 2025Don't Overthink It: A Survey of Efficient R1-style Large Reasoning Models4 Aug 2025
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