Text Generation Beyond Discrete Token Sampling
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Abstract (arXiv)
In standard autoregressive generation, an LLM predicts the next-token distribution, samples a discrete token, and then discards the distribution, passing only the sampled token as new input. To preserve this distribution's rich information, we propose Mixture of Inputs (MoI), a training-free method for autoregressive generation. After generating a token following the standard paradigm, we construct a new input that blends the generated discrete token with the previously discarded token distribution. Specifically, we employ a Bayesian estimation method that treats the token distribution as the prior, the sampled token as the observation, and replaces the conventional one-hot vector with the continuous posterior expectation as the new model input. MoI allows the model to maintain a richer internal representation throughout the generation process, resulting in improved text quality and reasoning capabilities. On mathematical reasoning, code generation, and PhD-level QA tasks, MoI consistently improves performance across multiple models including QwQ-32B, Nemotron-Super-49B, Gemma-3-27B, and DAPO-Qwen-32B, with no additional training and negligible computational overhead.
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 May 2025.
Builds on
34 of 45 references.
References · 34
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- 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 2,004
- 2025Gemma 3 Technical Reportcited by 1,824
- 2022Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1,407
- 2022Model soups: averaging weights of multiple fine-tuned models improves accuracy without increasing inference timecited by 1,396
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- 2024Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technologycited by 916
- 2023TIES-Merging: Resolving Interference When Merging Modelscited by 818
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 10; 2026: 11.
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12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
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- 2026Latent-GRPO: Group Relative Policy Optimization for Latent Reasoning30 Apr 2026
- 2026LEPO: Latent Reasoning Policy Optimization for Large Language Models20 Apr 2026
- 2026Quantifying the Necessity of Chain of Thought through Opaque Serial Depth10 Mar 2026
- 2026Thinking in Uncertainty: Mitigating Hallucinations in MLRMs with Latent Entropy-Aware Decoding9 Mar 2026
- 2025Lightweight Latent Reasoning for Narrative Tasks1 Dec 2025
- 2025Multi-Path Collaborative Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning1 Dec 2025
- 2025SofT-GRPO: Surpassing Discrete-Token LLM Reinforcement Learning via Gumbel-Reparameterized Soft-Thinking Policy Optimization9 Nov 2025
- 2025LLM Latent Reasoning as Chain of Superposition17 Oct 2025
- 2025Learning to Reason with Mixture of Tokens25 Sep 2025
- 2025LLMs are Single-threaded Reasoners: Demystifying the Working Mechanism of Soft Thinking5 Aug 2025
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Generative Recursive Reasoningcited by 20
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- 2025Do Large Language Models (Really) Need Statistical Foundations?cited by 5
- 2026Pretraining Latent Information Feedback Transformers with Teacher Supervisioncited by 0
- 2026Pretraining Latent Information Feedback Transformers with Teacher Supervision29 Sep 2026
- 2026T^2MLR: Transformer with Temporal Middle-Layer Recurrence16 Jul 2026
- 2026Generative Recursive Reasoning19 May 2026
- 2025Do Large Language Models (Really) Need Statistical Foundations?25 May 2025
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