Is Your Video Language Model a Reliable Judge?
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Abstract (arXiv)
As video language models (VLMs) gain more applications in various scenarios, the need for robust and scalable evaluation of their performance becomes increasingly critical. The traditional human expert-based evaluation of VLMs has limitations in consistency and scalability, which sparked interest in automatic methods such as employing VLMs to evaluate VLMs. However, the reliability of VLMs as judges remains underexplored. Existing methods often rely on a single VLM as the evaluator. However, this approach can be unreliable or biased because such a model may lack the ability to fully understand the content and may have inherent biases, ultimately compromising evaluation reliability. A remedy is to apply the principle of collective thoughts, aggregating evaluations from multiple VLMs to enhance reliability. This study investigates the efficacy of such approaches, particularly when the pool of judges includes both reliable and unreliable models. Our findings reveal that incorporating collective judgments from such a mixed pool does not necessarily improve the accuracy of the final evaluation. The inclusion of less reliable judges can introduce noise, undermining the overall reliability of the outcomes. To explore the factors that impact evaluation reliability, we fine-tune an underperforming VLM judge, Video-LLaVA, and observe that improved understanding ability alone is insufficient to make VLM judges more reliable. These findings stress the limitations of collective thought approaches and highlight the need for more advanced methods that can account for the reliability of individual models. Our study promotes the development of more reliable evaluation methods for VLMs
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Mar 2025.
Builds on
28 of 38 references.
References · 28
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,337
- 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuningcited by 2,855
- 2014CIDEr: Consensus-based Image Description Evaluationcited by 2,027
- 2023Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understandingcited by 1,461
- 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,385
- 2023VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understandingcited by 851
- 2023Can Large Language Models Be an Alternative to Human Evaluations?cited by 729
- 2024Eyes Wide Shut? Exploring the Visual Shortcomings of Multimodal LLMscited by 719
- 2023Prometheus: Inducing Fine-grained Evaluation Capability in Language Modelscited by 558
16 more
- 2023LLaMA-VID: An Image is Worth 2 Tokens in Large Language Modelscited by 539
- 2023MovieChat: From Dense Token to Sparse Memory for Long Video Understandingcited by 536
- 2023Weak-to-Strong Generalization: Eliciting Strong Capabilities With Weak Supervisioncited by 445
- 2022InternVideo: General Video Foundation Models via Generative and Discriminative Learningcited by 441
- 2023Large Language Models Are State-of-the-Art Evaluators of Translation Qualitycited by 416
- 2023TimeChat: A Time-sensitive Multimodal Large Language Model for Long Video Understandingcited by 399
- 2023EVA-02: A Visual Representation for Neon Genesiscited by 377
- 2023JudgeLM: Fine-tuned Large Language Models are Scalable Judgescited by 351
- 2024T2V-CompBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Compositional Text-to-video Generationcited by 177
- 2023Generative Judge for Evaluating Alignmentcited by 163
- 2024Vision language models are blind: Failing to translate detailed visual features into wordscited by 144
- 2023PG-Video-LLaVA: Pixel Grounding Large Video-Language Modelscited by 50
- 2023Improving Automatic VQA Evaluation Using Large Language Modelscited by 37
- 2024Tuning Large Multimodal Models for Videos using Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedbackcited by 36
- 2024How Good is my Video LMM? Complex Video Reasoning and Robustness Evaluation Suite for Video-LMMscited by 30
- 2022Reassessing Evaluation Practices in Visual Question Answering: A Case Study on Out-of-Distribution Generalizationcited by 20
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 6; 2026: 8.
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- 2025VideoHallu: Evaluating and Mitigating Multi-modal Hallucinations on Synthetic Video Understandingcited by 32
- 2025PPTArena: A Benchmark for PowerPoint Editingcited by 9
- 2025Movie Facts and Fibs (MF2): A Benchmark for Long Movie Understandingcited by 4
- 2025EgoExo-Con: Exploring View-Invariant Video Temporal Understandingcited by 4
- 2026VBVR-Pro: A Scalable and Verifiable Suite for Native Visual Reasoningcited by 4
- 2025Automated Model Discovery via Multi-modal & Multi-step Pipelinecited by 3
- 2026K-Sort Eval: Efficient Preference Evaluation for Visual Generation via Corrected VLM-as-a-Judgecited by 3
- 2026Wan-R1: Verifiable-Reinforcement Learning for Video Reasoningcited by 3
- 2026SLVMEval: Synthetic Meta Evaluation Benchmark for Text-to-Long Video Generationcited by 2
- 2025Pruning the Paradox: How CLIP's Most Informative Heads Enhance Performance While Amplifying Biascited by 1
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- 2026SGA: Plug&Play Geometric Verification for Educational Video Synthesis20 Jul 2026
- 2026A Physics-Grounded Benchmark for Multi-Agent Dynamics in World Models27 Jun 2026
- 2026SLVMEval: Synthetic Meta Evaluation Benchmark for Text-to-Long Video Generation31 Mar 2026
- 2026Wan-R1: Verifiable-Reinforcement Learning for Video Reasoning29 Mar 2026
- 2026K-Sort Eval: Efficient Preference Evaluation for Visual Generation via Corrected VLM-as-a-Judge10 Feb 2026
- 2026GT-SVJ: Generative-Transformer-Based Self-Supervised Video Judge For Efficient Video Reward Modeling5 Feb 2026
- 2025PPTArena: A Benchmark for PowerPoint Editing2 Dec 2025
- 2025EgoExo-Con: Exploring View-Invariant Video Temporal Understanding30 Oct 2025
- 2025Automated Model Discovery via Multi-modal & Multi-step Pipeline30 Sep 2025
- 2025Movie Facts and Fibs (MF2): A Benchmark for Long Movie Understanding6 Jun 2025
- 2025VideoHallu: Evaluating and Mitigating Multi-modal Hallucinations on Synthetic Video Understandingcited by 32
- 2025Movie Facts and Fibs (MF2): A Benchmark for Long Movie Understandingcited by 4
- 2026GT-SVJ: Generative-Transformer-Based Self-Supervised Video Judge For Efficient Video Reward Modelingcited by 1
- 2026GT-SVJ: Generative-Transformer-Based Self-Supervised Video Judge For Efficient Video Reward Modeling5 Feb 2026
- 2025Movie Facts and Fibs (MF2): A Benchmark for Long Movie Understanding6 Jun 2025
- 2025VideoHallu: Evaluating and Mitigating Multi-modal Hallucinations on Synthetic Video Understanding2 May 2025
- 2025PPTArena: A Benchmark for PowerPoint Editingcited by 9
- 2025EgoExo-Con: Exploring View-Invariant Video Temporal Understandingcited by 4
- 2025Automated Model Discovery via Multi-modal & Multi-step Pipelinecited by 3
- 2026SLVMEval: Synthetic Meta Evaluation Benchmark for Text-to-Long Video Generationcited by 2
- 2025Pruning the Paradox: How CLIP's Most Informative Heads Enhance Performance While Amplifying Biascited by 1
- 2026SGA: Plug&Play Geometric Verification for Educational Video Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026Group-of-Latents: Perceptual Video Compression at Extreme Bitrates via Masked Latent Generative Modelingcited by 0
- 2026Group-of-Latents: Perceptual Video Compression at Extreme Bitrates via Masked Latent Generative Modeling21 Jul 2026
- 2026SGA: Plug&Play Geometric Verification for Educational Video Synthesis20 Jul 2026
- 2026SLVMEval: Synthetic Meta Evaluation Benchmark for Text-to-Long Video Generation31 Mar 2026
- 2025PPTArena: A Benchmark for PowerPoint Editing2 Dec 2025
- 2025EgoExo-Con: Exploring View-Invariant Video Temporal Understanding30 Oct 2025
- 2025Automated Model Discovery via Multi-modal & Multi-step Pipeline30 Sep 2025
- 2025Pruning the Paradox: How CLIP's Most Informative Heads Enhance Performance While Amplifying Bias14 Mar 2025
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- 2025UVE: Are MLLMs Unified Evaluators for AI-Generated Videos?
- 2024Decompose and Compare Consistency: Measuring VLMs' Answer Reliability via Task-Decomposition Consistency Comparison
- 2026JAMMEval: A Refined Collection of Japanese Benchmarks for Reliable VLM Evaluation
- 2026When Consistency Does Not Mean Reliability: Evaluating Local LLM Judges Against Human Ratings
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- 2023VLM-Eval: A General Evaluation on Video Large Language Models