Patch-wise Structural Loss for Time Series Forecasting
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Abstract (arXiv)
Time-series forecasting has gained significant attention in machine learning due to its crucial role in various domains. However, most existing forecasting models rely heavily on point-wise loss functions like Mean Square Error, which treat each time step independently and neglect the structural dependencies inherent in time series data, making it challenging to capture complex temporal patterns accurately. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Patch-wise Structural (PS) loss, designed to enhance structural alignment by comparing time series at the patch level. Through leveraging local statistical properties, such as correlation, variance, and mean, PS loss captures nuanced structural discrepancies overlooked by traditional point-wise losses. Furthermore, it integrates seamlessly with point-wise loss, simultaneously addressing local structural inconsistencies and individual time-step errors. PS loss establishes a novel benchmark for accurately modeling complex time series data and provides a new perspective on time series loss function design. Extensive experiments demonstrate that PS loss significantly improves the performance of state-of-the-art models across diverse real-world datasets.
Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Mar 2025.
Builds on
36 of 57 references.
References · 36
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2022A Time Series is Worth 64 Words: Long-term Forecasting with Transformerscited by 1,981
- 2022Are Transformers Effective for Time Series Forecasting?cited by 1,400
- 2022FEDformer: Frequency Enhanced Decomposed Transformer for Long-term Series Forecastingcited by 1,200
- 2022TimesNet: Temporal 2D-Variation Modeling for General Time Series Analysiscited by 1,030
- 2023iTransformer: Inverted Transformers Are Effective for Time Series Forecastingcited by 906
- 2017Modeling Long- and Short-Term Temporal Patterns with Deep Neural Networkscited by 869
- 2017GradNorm: Gradient Normalization for Adaptive Loss Balancing in Deep Multitask Networkscited by 816
- 2018Multi-Task Learning as Multi-Objective Optimizationcited by 809
- 2023Time-LLM: Time Series Forecasting by Reprogramming Large Language Modelscited by 680
- 2023One Fits All:Power General Time Series Analysis by Pretrained LMcited by 615
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- 2019Enhancing the Locality and Breaking the Memory Bottleneck of Transformer on Time Series Forecastingcited by 606
- 2021SCINet: Time Series Modeling and Forecasting with Sample Convolution and Interactioncited by 335
- 2017Soft-DTW: a Differentiable Loss Function for Time-Seriescited by 265
- 2024TFB: Towards Comprehensive and Fair Benchmarking of Time Series Forecasting Methodscited by 242
- 2023Frequency-domain MLPs are More Effective Learners in Time Series Forecastingcited by 170
- 2020Channel-wise Knowledge Distillation for Dense Predictioncited by 161
- 2023Exploring Progress in Multivariate Time Series Forecasting: Comprehensive Benchmarking and Heterogeneity Analysiscited by 113
- 2024SparseTSF: Modeling Long-term Time Series Forecasting with 1k Parameterscited by 103
- 2024Pathformer: Multi-scale Transformers with Adaptive Pathways for Time Series Forecastingcited by 102
- 2019Shape and Time Distortion Loss for Training Deep Time Series Forecasting Modelscited by 66
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey of Deep Learning for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting: A Channel Strategy Perspectivecited by 58
- 2023DSformer: A Double Sampling Transformer for Multivariate Time Series Long-term Predictioncited by 49
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Deep Learning for Time Series Forecasting: Architectural Diversity and Open Challengescited by 46
- 2024Revitalizing Multivariate Time Series Forecasting: Learnable Decomposition with Inter-Series Dependencies and Intra-Series Variations Modelingcited by 44
- 2024From Similarity to Superiority: Channel Clustering for Time Series Forecastingcited by 37
- 2024Hierarchical Classification Auxiliary Network for Time Series Forecastingcited by 26
- 2024Learning Pattern-Specific Experts for Time Series Forecasting Under Patch-level Distribution Shiftcited by 23
- 2023PETformer: Long-term Time Series Forecasting via Placeholder-enhanced Transformercited by 22
- 2024GinAR: An End-To-End Multivariate Time Series Forecasting Model Suitable for Variable Missingcited by 20
- 2025PPGF: Probability Pattern-Guided Time Series Forecastingcited by 16
- 2024Unveiling Delay Effects in Traffic Forecasting: A Perspective from Spatial-Temporal Delay Differential Equationscited by 11
- 2022TILDE-Q: A Transformation Invariant Loss Function for Time-Series Forecastingcited by 8
- 2024FTMixer: Frequency and Time Domain Representations Fusion for Time Series Modelingcited by 4
- 2024Enhancing Multivariate Time Series Forecasting with Mutual Information-driven Cross-Variable and Temporal Modelingcited by 2
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 12; 2026: 22.
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- 2025DBLoss: Decomposition-based Loss Function for Time Series Forecastingcited by 44
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- 2026TopoCast: A Topological Fidelity Framework for Evaluating Transformer-Based Time Series Forecasting24 Jun 2026
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- 2026Adaptive Patching Is Harder Than It Looks For Time-Series Forecasting2 Jun 2026
- 2026VLBM: Variational Latent Basis Modeling for OOD Robust Multivariate Time Series Forecasting1 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Holistic Models: Systematic Component-level Benchmarking of Deep Multivariate Time-Series Forecasting26 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Extrapolation: Knowledge Utilization Paradigm with Bidirectional Inspiration for Time Series Forecasting19 May 2026
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- 2026When Denoising Becomes Unsigning: Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Watermark Fragility Under Diffusion-Based Image Editing5 Mar 2026
- 2026TEFL: Prediction-Residual-Guided Rolling Forecasting for Multi-Horizon Time Series26 Feb 2026
- 2026Vanishing Watermarks: Diffusion-Based Image Editing Undermines Robust Invisible Watermarking24 Feb 2026
- 2026Breaking the Correlation Plateau: On the Optimization and Capacity Limits of Attention-Based Regressors19 Feb 2026
- 2026Deep Time-series Forecasting Needs Kernelized Moment Balancing31 Jan 2026
- 2026From Observations to States: Latent Time Series Forecasting30 Jan 2026
- 2026To See Far, Look Close: Evolutionary Forecasting for Long-term Time Series30 Jan 2026
- 2026CP Loss: Channel-wise Perceptual Loss for Time Series Forecasting25 Jan 2026
- 2026Dual-Prototype Disentanglement: A Context-Aware Enhancement Framework for Time Series Forecasting23 Jan 2026
- 2025MoE-Enhanced Multi-Domain Feature Selection and Fusion for Fast Map-Free Trajectory Prediction2 Dec 2025
- 2025Diffusion-Based Image Editing: An Unforeseen Adversary to Robust Invisible Watermarks5 Nov 2025
- 2025Selective Learning for Deep Time Series Forecasting29 Oct 2025
- 2025Quadratic Direct Forecast for Training Multi-Step Time-Series Forecast Models28 Oct 2025
- 2025DistDF: Time-Series Forecasting Needs Joint-Distribution Wasserstein Alignment28 Oct 2025
- 2025DBLoss: Decomposition-based Loss Function for Time Series Forecasting27 Oct 2025
- 2025ReNF: Rethinking the Design of Neural Long-Term Time Series Forecasters30 Sep 2025
- 2025An Improved Time Series Anomaly Detection by Applying Structural Similarity24 Sep 2025
- 2025Robust Concept Erasure in Diffusion Models: A Theoretical Perspective on Security and Robustness15 Sep 2025
- 2025FADE: Adversarial Concept Erasure in Flow Models16 Jul 2025
- 2025Accurate Parameter-Efficient Test-Time Adaptation for Time Series Forecasting29 Jun 2025
- 2025Time-o1: Time-Series Forecasting Needs Transformed Label Alignment23 May 2025
- 2025Diffusion-Based Image Editing: An Unforeseen Adversary to Robust Invisible Watermarkscited by 2
- 2026Vanishing Watermarks: Diffusion-Based Image Editing Undermines Robust Invisible Watermarkingcited by 2
- 2026Editing on the Generative Manifold: A Theoretical and Empirical Study of General Diffusion-Based Image Editing Trade-offscited by 1
- 2025FADE: Adversarial Concept Erasure in Flow Modelscited by 0
- 2025Robust Concept Erasure in Diffusion Models: A Theoretical Perspective on Security and Robustnesscited by 0
- 2026When Denoising Becomes Unsigning: Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Watermark Fragility Under Diffusion-Based Image Editingcited by 0
- 2026Editing Away the Evidence: Diffusion-Based Image Manipulation and the Failure Modes of Robust Watermarkingcited by 0
- 2026On the Controllability-Fidelity Frontier in Diffusion Editingcited by 0
- 2026On the Controllability-Fidelity Frontier in Diffusion Editing5 Jun 2026
- 2026Editing on the Generative Manifold: A Theoretical and Empirical Study of General Diffusion-Based Image Editing Trade-offs31 Mar 2026
- 2026Editing Away the Evidence: Diffusion-Based Image Manipulation and the Failure Modes of Robust Watermarking13 Mar 2026
- 2026When Denoising Becomes Unsigning: Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Watermark Fragility Under Diffusion-Based Image Editing5 Mar 2026
- 2026Vanishing Watermarks: Diffusion-Based Image Editing Undermines Robust Invisible Watermarking24 Feb 2026
- 2025Diffusion-Based Image Editing: An Unforeseen Adversary to Robust Invisible Watermarks5 Nov 2025
- 2025Robust Concept Erasure in Diffusion Models: A Theoretical Perspective on Security and Robustness15 Sep 2025
- 2025FADE: Adversarial Concept Erasure in Flow Models16 Jul 2025
- 2025DBLoss: Decomposition-based Loss Function for Time Series Forecastingcited by 44
- 2025Time-o1: Time-Series Forecasting Needs Transformed Label Alignmentcited by 22
- 2025Accurate Parameter-Efficient Test-Time Adaptation for Time Series Forecastingcited by 13
- 2025DistDF: Time-Series Forecasting Needs Joint-Distribution Wasserstein Alignmentcited by 13
- 2025Quadratic Direct Forecast for Training Multi-Step Time-Series Forecast Modelscited by 10
- 2025Selective Learning for Deep Time Series Forecastingcited by 8
- 2026From Observations to States: Latent Time Series Forecastingcited by 6
- 2026Deep Time-series Forecasting Needs Kernelized Moment Balancingcited by 2
- 2026TEFL: Prediction-Residual-Guided Rolling Forecasting for Multi-Horizon Time Seriescited by 2
- 2026To See Far, Look Close: Evolutionary Forecasting for Long-term Time Seriescited by 1
- 2026Multivariate Time Series Forecasting needs Cross Variable Losscited by 1
- 2025An Improved Time Series Anomaly Detection by Applying Structural Similaritycited by 0
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- 2026Multivariate Time Series Forecasting needs Cross Variable Loss6 Aug 2026
- 2026Asymmetric Peak-Aware Loss for Peak-Critical Time Series Forecasting16 Jul 2026
- 2026TopoCast: A Topological Fidelity Framework for Evaluating Transformer-Based Time Series Forecasting24 Jun 2026
- 2026Adaptive Patching Is Harder Than It Looks For Time-Series Forecasting2 Jun 2026
- 2026VLBM: Variational Latent Basis Modeling for OOD Robust Multivariate Time Series Forecasting1 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Holistic Models: Systematic Component-level Benchmarking of Deep Multivariate Time-Series Forecasting26 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Extrapolation: Knowledge Utilization Paradigm with Bidirectional Inspiration for Time Series Forecasting19 May 2026
- 2026Deep Time-Series Forecasting in 10 Years: A Survey20 Mar 2026
- 2026TEFL: Prediction-Residual-Guided Rolling Forecasting for Multi-Horizon Time Series26 Feb 2026
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