A Market for Accuracy: Classification under Competition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Machine learning models play a key role for service providers looking to gain market share in consumer markets. However, traditional learning approaches do not take into account the existence of additional providers, who compete with each other for consumers. Our work aims to study learning in this market setting, as it affects providers, consumers, and the market itself. We begin by analyzing such markets through the lens of the learning objective, and show that accuracy cannot be the only consideration. We then propose a method for classification under competition, so that a learner can maximize market share in the presence of competitors. We show that our approach benefits the providers as well as the consumers, and find that the timing of market entry and model updates can be crucial. We display the effectiveness of our approach across a range of domains, from simple distributions to noisy datasets, and show that the market as a whole remains stable by converging quickly to an equilibrium.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Feb 2025.
Builds on
18 of 26 references.
References · 18
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6 more
- 2019Bias-Variance Gamescited by 9
- 2024Classification Under Strategic Self-Selectioncited by 7
- 2024Strategic Classification With Externalitiescited by 7
- 2022Emergent specialization from participation dynamics and multi-learner retrainingcited by 5
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 4.
6 papers.
- 2025Learning Classifiers That Induce Marketscited by 3
- 2026Leaderboard Incentives: Model Rankings under Strategic Post-Trainingcited by 2
- 2025Heterogeneous Data Game: Characterizing the Model Competition Across Multiple Data Sourcescited by 1
- 2026Power and Limitations of Aggregation in Compound AI Systemscited by 1
- 2026Market Games for Generative Models: Equilibria, Welfare, and Strategic Entrycited by 0
- 2026Cooperate to Compete: Strategic Data Generation and Incentivization Framework for Coopetitive Cross-Silo Federated Learningcited by 0
- 2026Cooperate to Compete: Strategic Data Generation and Incentivization Framework for Coopetitive Cross-Silo Federated Learning16 Apr 2026
- 2026Leaderboard Incentives: Model Rankings under Strategic Post-Training9 Mar 2026
- 2026Power and Limitations of Aggregation in Compound AI Systems25 Feb 2026
- 2026Market Games for Generative Models: Equilibria, Welfare, and Strategic Entry19 Feb 2026
- 2025Heterogeneous Data Game: Characterizing the Model Competition Across Multiple Data Sources12 May 2025
- 2025Learning Classifiers That Induce Markets27 Feb 2025