Exploring Embodied Multimodal Large Models: Development, Datasets, and Future Directions
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Embodied multimodal large models (EMLMs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential to bridge the gap between perception, cognition, and action in complex, real-world environments. This comprehensive review explores the development of such models, including Large Language Models (LLMs), Large Vision Models (LVMs), and other models, while also examining other emerging architectures. We discuss the evolution of EMLMs, with a focus on embodied perception, navigation, interaction, and simulation. Furthermore, the review provides a detailed analysis of the datasets used for training and evaluating these models, highlighting the importance of diverse, high-quality data for effective learning. The paper also identifies key challenges faced by EMLMs, including issues of scalability, generalization, and real-time decision-making. Finally, we outline future directions, emphasizing the integration of multimodal sensing, reasoning, and action to advance the development of increasingly autonomous systems. By providing an in-depth analysis of state-of-the-art methods and identifying critical gaps, this paper aims to inspire future advancements in EMLMs and their applications across diverse domains.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 93 of its 121 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Feb 2025.
Builds on
93 of 121 references.
References · 93
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,599
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
- 2019EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6,442
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
38 more
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,386
- 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,322
- 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,288
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 4,057
- 2021Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text Supervisioncited by 3,864
- 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
- 2017FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layercited by 2,333
- 2019ViLBERT: Pretraining Task-Agnostic Visiolinguistic Representations for Vision-and-Language Taskscited by 2,222
- 2023Learning Fine-Grained Bimanual Manipulation with Low-Cost Hardwarecited by 1,568
- 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,410
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
- 2023A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 1,242
- 2022Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agentscited by 1,035
- 2019RLBench: The Robot Learning Benchmark & Learning Environmentcited by 689
- 2023BridgeData V2: A Dataset for Robot Learning at Scalecited by 657
- 2021CLIPort: What and Where Pathways for Robotic Manipulationcited by 622
- 2022Google Scanned Objects: A High-Quality Dataset of 3D Scanned Household Itemscited by 612
- 2021CALVIN: A Benchmark for Language-Conditioned Policy Learning for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation Taskscited by 584
- 2020Rescaling Egocentric Visioncited by 540
- 2022BC-Z: Zero-Shot Task Generalization with Robotic Imitation Learningcited by 523
- 2023Learning Universal Policies via Text-Guided Video Generationcited by 522
- 2022LM-Nav: Robotic Navigation with Large Pre-Trained Models of Language, Vision, and Actioncited by 439
- 2022Visual Language Maps for Robot Navigationcited by 365
- 2020Transporter Networks: Rearranging the Visual World for Robotic Manipulationcited by 344
- 2023NavGPT: Explicit Reasoning in Vision-and-Language Navigation with Large Language Modelscited by 280
- 2023EmbodiedGPT: Vision-Language Pre-Training via Embodied Chain of Thoughtcited by 279
- 2019RoboNet: Large-Scale Multi-Robot Learningcited by 270
- 2021A Survey of Embodied AI: From Simulators to Research Taskscited by 261
- 2019Vision-and-Dialog Navigationcited by 250
- 2023Multimodal Foundation Models: From Specialists to General-Purpose Assistantscited by 247
- 2022Real-World Robot Learning with Masked Visual Pre-trainingcited by 245
- 2023Text2Motion: From Natural Language Instructions to Feasible Planscited by 224
- 2022Pre-Trained Language Models for Interactive Decision-Makingcited by 221
- 2023TidyBot: Personalized Robot Assistance with Large Language Modelscited by 221
- 2022Interactive Language: Talking to Robots in Real Timecited by 218
- 2023Foundation Models in Robotics: Applications, Challenges, and the Futurecited by 216
- 2023VLFM: Vision-Language Frontier Maps for Zero-Shot Semantic Navigationcited by 205
- 2023RH20T: A Comprehensive Robotic Dataset for Learning Diverse Skills in One-Shotcited by 183
50 most cited of 93 All 93 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 8; 2026: 5.
13 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025Robobench: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models as Embodied Braincited by 25
- 2025Task-Oriented Feature Compression for Multimodal Understanding via Device-Edge Co-Inferencecited by 18
- 2025A Survey on Collaborative Mechanisms Between Large and Small Language Modelscited by 14
- 2025Neural Brain: A Neuroscience-inspired Framework for Embodied Agentscited by 10
- 2025Assessing the Value of Visual Input: A Benchmark of Multimodal Large Language Models for Robotic Path Planningcited by 4
- 2026The Semantic Lifecycle in Embodied AI: Acquisition, Representation and Storage via Foundation Modelscited by 2
- 2026Are Video Reasoning Models Ready to Go Outside?cited by 2
- 2025Beyond Single Models: Enhancing LLM Detection of Ambiguity in Requests through Debatecited by 1
- 2025Human Centric General Physical Intelligence for Agile Manufacturing Automationcited by 1
- 2025Large Language Models and 3D Vision for Intelligent Robotic Perception and Autonomycited by 0
- 2026Rule-VLN: Bridging Perception and Compliance via Semantic Reasoning and Geometric Rectificationcited by 0
- 2026Towards Trustworthy Physical Intelligence: From Theory to Practice Across Life Cyclecited by 0
- 2026Discovering Diverse Planning Policies for Multimodal Embodied Agents with Quality-Diversity Optimization9 Aug 2026
- 2026Towards Trustworthy Physical Intelligence: From Theory to Practice Across Life Cycle24 Jul 2026
- 2026Rule-VLN: Bridging Perception and Compliance via Semantic Reasoning and Geometric Rectification18 Apr 2026
- 2026Are Video Reasoning Models Ready to Go Outside?11 Mar 2026
- 2026The Semantic Lifecycle in Embodied AI: Acquisition, Representation and Storage via Foundation Models12 Jan 2026
- 2025Large Language Models and 3D Vision for Intelligent Robotic Perception and Autonomy14 Nov 2025
- 2025Robobench: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models as Embodied Brain20 Oct 2025
- 2025Human Centric General Physical Intelligence for Agile Manufacturing Automation16 Aug 2025
- 2025Assessing the Value of Visual Input: A Benchmark of Multimodal Large Language Models for Robotic Path Planning16 Jul 2025
- 2025Beyond Single Models: Enhancing LLM Detection of Ambiguity in Requests through Debate16 Jul 2025
- 2025Neural Brain: A Neuroscience-inspired Framework for Embodied Agents12 May 2025
- 2025A Survey on Collaborative Mechanisms Between Large and Small Language Models12 May 2025
- 2025Robobench: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models as Embodied Braincited by 25
- 2025Task-Oriented Feature Compression for Multimodal Understanding via Device-Edge Co-Inferencecited by 18
- 2025Assessing the Value of Visual Input: A Benchmark of Multimodal Large Language Models for Robotic Path Planningcited by 4
- 2025Robobench: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models as Embodied Brain20 Oct 2025
- 2025Assessing the Value of Visual Input: A Benchmark of Multimodal Large Language Models for Robotic Path Planning16 Jul 2025
- 2025Task-Oriented Feature Compression for Multimodal Understanding via Device-Edge Co-Inference17 Mar 2025
- 2026Are Video Reasoning Models Ready to Go Outside?cited by 2
- 2026Are Video Reasoning Models Ready to Go Outside?11 Mar 2026
- 2025A Survey on Collaborative Mechanisms Between Large and Small Language Modelscited by 14
- 2026The Semantic Lifecycle in Embodied AI: Acquisition, Representation and Storage via Foundation Modelscited by 2
- 2025Beyond Single Models: Enhancing LLM Detection of Ambiguity in Requests through Debatecited by 1
- 2025Large Language Models and 3D Vision for Intelligent Robotic Perception and Autonomycited by 0
- 2026Rule-VLN: Bridging Perception and Compliance via Semantic Reasoning and Geometric Rectificationcited by 0
- 2026Towards Trustworthy Physical Intelligence: From Theory to Practice Across Life Cyclecited by 0
- 2026Discovering Diverse Planning Policies for Multimodal Embodied Agents with Quality-Diversity Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026Discovering Diverse Planning Policies for Multimodal Embodied Agents with Quality-Diversity Optimization9 Aug 2026
- 2026Towards Trustworthy Physical Intelligence: From Theory to Practice Across Life Cycle24 Jul 2026
- 2026Rule-VLN: Bridging Perception and Compliance via Semantic Reasoning and Geometric Rectification18 Apr 2026
- 2026The Semantic Lifecycle in Embodied AI: Acquisition, Representation and Storage via Foundation Models12 Jan 2026
- 2025Large Language Models and 3D Vision for Intelligent Robotic Perception and Autonomy14 Nov 2025
- 2025Beyond Single Models: Enhancing LLM Detection of Ambiguity in Requests through Debate16 Jul 2025
- 2025A Survey on Collaborative Mechanisms Between Large and Small Language Models12 May 2025