High-Fidelity Simultaneous Speech-To-Speech Translation
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce Hibiki, a decoder-only model for simultaneous speech translation. Hibiki leverages a multistream language model to synchronously process source and target speech, and jointly produces text and audio tokens to perform speech-to-text and speech-to-speech translation. We furthermore address the fundamental challenge of simultaneous interpretation, which unlike its consecutive counterpart, where one waits for the end of the source utterance to start translating, adapts its flow to accumulate just enough context to produce a correct translation in real-time, chunk by chunk. To do so, we introduce a weakly-supervised method that leverages the perplexity of an off-the-shelf text translation system to identify optimal delays on a per-word basis and create aligned synthetic data. After supervised training, Hibiki performs adaptive, simultaneous speech translation with vanilla temperature sampling. On a French-English simultaneous speech translation task, Hibiki demonstrates state-of-the-art performance in translation quality, speaker fidelity and naturalness. Moreover, the simplicity of its inference process makes it compatible with batched translation and even real-time on-device deployment. We provide examples as well as models and inference code.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Feb 2025.
Builds on
34 of 42 references.
References · 34
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
- 2016Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)cited by 3,431
- 2018A Call for Clarity in Reporting BLEU Scorescited by 1,790
- 2020GLU Variants Improve Transformercited by 1,724
- 2021WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processingcited by 1,609
- 2019Generating Diverse High-Fidelity Images with VQ-VAE-2cited by 1,376
- 2021SoundStream: An End-to-End Neural Audio Codeccited by 756
- 2019CTRL: A Conditional Transformer Language Model for Controllable Generationcited by 754
- 2022Autoregressive Image Generation using Residual Quantizationcited by 706
- 2022AudioLM: a Language Modeling Approach to Audio Generationcited by 611
- 2024Moshi: a speech-text foundation model for real-time dialoguecited by 536
22 more
- 2023Simple and Controllable Music Generationcited by 480
- 2021VoxPopuli: A Large-Scale Multilingual Speech Corpus for Representation Learning, Semi-Supervised Learning and Interpretationcited by 455
- 2022AudioGen: Textually Guided Audio Generationcited by 292
- 2023Pretraining Language Models with Human Preferencescited by 245
- 2023Seamless: Multilingual Expressive and Streaming Speech Translationcited by 190
- 2023MADLAD-400: A Multilingual And Document-Level Large Audited Datasetcited by 180
- 2020fairseq S2T: Fast Speech-to-Text Modeling with fairseqcited by 174
- 2021Direct speech-to-speech translation with discrete unitscited by 148
- 2023UniAudio: An Audio Foundation Model Toward Universal Audio Generationcited by 127
- 2017Sequence-to-Sequence Models Can Directly Translate Foreign Speechcited by 121
- 2019Direct speech-to-speech translation with a sequence-to-sequence modelcited by 118
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- 2022CVSS Corpus and Massively Multilingual Speech-to-Speech Translationcited by 71
- 2021Translatotron 2: High-quality direct speech-to-speech translation with voice preservationcited by 69
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- 2022Over-Generation Cannot Be Rewarded: Length-Adaptive Average Lagging for Simultaneous Speech Translationcited by 56
- 2021RealTranS: End-to-End Simultaneous Speech Translation with Convolutional Weighted-Shrinking Transformercited by 39
- 2020PySBD: Pragmatic Sentence Boundary Disambiguationcited by 38
- 2020Streaming Simultaneous Speech Translation with Augmented Memory Transformercited by 30
- 2024StreamSpeech: Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation with Multi-task Learningcited by 20
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- 2024Textless Streaming Speech-to-Speech Translation using Semantic Speech Tokenscited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 12.
15 papers.
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- 2025Streaming Sequence-to-Sequence Learning with Delayed Streams Modelingcited by 24
- 2026Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation Without Aligned Datacited by 7
- 2026Beyond Fixed Frames: Dynamic Character-Aligned Speech Tokenizationcited by 3
- 2026Scaling Open Discrete Audio Foundation Models with Interleaved Semantic, Acoustic, and Text Tokenscited by 3
- 2025REINA: Regularized Entropy Information-Based Loss for Efficient Simultaneous Speech Translationcited by 1
- 2025Llama-Mimi: Exploring the Limits of Flattened Speech Language Modelingcited by 1
- 2026Reconstruct! Don't Encode: Self-Supervised Representation Reconstruction Loss for High-Intelligibility and Low-Latency Streaming Neural Audio Codeccited by 1
- 2026Streaming Translation and Transcription Through Speech-to-Text Causal Alignmentcited by 1
- 2026Exploring Token-Space Manipulation in Latent Audio Tokenizerscited by 1
- 2026Voice or Stereotype? Disentangling Acoustic and Content-Based Gender in Speech-to-Speech Modelscited by 1
- 2026SimulU: Training-free Policy for Long-form Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translationcited by 0
- 2026Regularized Entropy Information Adaptation with Temporal-Awareness Networks for Simultaneous Speech Translationcited by 0
3 more
- 2026From Flat Language Labels to Typological Priors: Structured Language Conditioning for Multilingual Speech-to-Speech Translationcited by 0
- 2026NaturalFlow: Reducing Disruptive Pauses for Natural Speech Flow in Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translationcited by 0
- 2026All In Good Time: Causality-Aware Framework for LLM-Based Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translationcited by 0
- 2026All In Good Time: Causality-Aware Framework for LLM-Based Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation24 Sep 2026
- 2026Voice or Stereotype? Disentangling Acoustic and Content-Based Gender in Speech-to-Speech Models8 Sep 2026
- 2026NaturalFlow: Reducing Disruptive Pauses for Natural Speech Flow in Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation11 Jun 2026
- 2026From Flat Language Labels to Typological Priors: Structured Language Conditioning for Multilingual Speech-to-Speech Translation15 May 2026
- 2026Exploring Token-Space Manipulation in Latent Audio Tokenizers11 May 2026
- 2026Regularized Entropy Information Adaptation with Temporal-Awareness Networks for Simultaneous Speech Translation10 Apr 2026
- 2026Streaming Translation and Transcription Through Speech-to-Text Causal Alignment12 Mar 2026
- 2026SimulU: Training-free Policy for Long-form Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation11 Mar 2026
- 2026Reconstruct! Don't Encode: Self-Supervised Representation Reconstruction Loss for High-Intelligibility and Low-Latency Streaming Neural Audio Codec6 Mar 2026
- 2026Scaling Open Discrete Audio Foundation Models with Interleaved Semantic, Acoustic, and Text Tokens18 Feb 2026
- 2026Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation Without Aligned Data11 Feb 2026
- 2026Beyond Fixed Frames: Dynamic Character-Aligned Speech Tokenization30 Jan 2026
- 2025Streaming Sequence-to-Sequence Learning with Delayed Streams Modelingcited by 24
- 2026Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation Without Aligned Datacited by 7
- 2026Beyond Fixed Frames: Dynamic Character-Aligned Speech Tokenizationcited by 3
- 2026Scaling Open Discrete Audio Foundation Models with Interleaved Semantic, Acoustic, and Text Tokenscited by 3
- 2025REINA: Regularized Entropy Information-Based Loss for Efficient Simultaneous Speech Translationcited by 1
- 2025Llama-Mimi: Exploring the Limits of Flattened Speech Language Modelingcited by 1
- 2026Reconstruct! Don't Encode: Self-Supervised Representation Reconstruction Loss for High-Intelligibility and Low-Latency Streaming Neural Audio Codeccited by 1
- 2026Streaming Translation and Transcription Through Speech-to-Text Causal Alignmentcited by 1
- 2026Exploring Token-Space Manipulation in Latent Audio Tokenizerscited by 1
- 2026Voice or Stereotype? Disentangling Acoustic and Content-Based Gender in Speech-to-Speech Modelscited by 1
- 2026SimulU: Training-free Policy for Long-form Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translationcited by 0
- 2026Regularized Entropy Information Adaptation with Temporal-Awareness Networks for Simultaneous Speech Translationcited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026All In Good Time: Causality-Aware Framework for LLM-Based Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation24 Sep 2026
- 2026Voice or Stereotype? Disentangling Acoustic and Content-Based Gender in Speech-to-Speech Models8 Sep 2026
- 2026NaturalFlow: Reducing Disruptive Pauses for Natural Speech Flow in Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation11 Jun 2026
- 2026From Flat Language Labels to Typological Priors: Structured Language Conditioning for Multilingual Speech-to-Speech Translation15 May 2026
- 2026Exploring Token-Space Manipulation in Latent Audio Tokenizers11 May 2026
- 2026Regularized Entropy Information Adaptation with Temporal-Awareness Networks for Simultaneous Speech Translation10 Apr 2026
- 2026Streaming Translation and Transcription Through Speech-to-Text Causal Alignment12 Mar 2026
- 2026SimulU: Training-free Policy for Long-form Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation11 Mar 2026
- 2026Reconstruct! Don't Encode: Self-Supervised Representation Reconstruction Loss for High-Intelligibility and Low-Latency Streaming Neural Audio Codec6 Mar 2026
- 2026Scaling Open Discrete Audio Foundation Models with Interleaved Semantic, Acoustic, and Text Tokens18 Feb 2026
- 2026Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation Without Aligned Data11 Feb 2026
- 2026Beyond Fixed Frames: Dynamic Character-Aligned Speech Tokenization30 Jan 2026
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)