AIN: The Arabic INclusive Large Multimodal Model
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning
Abstract (arXiv)
Amid the swift progress of large language models (LLMs) and their evolution into large multimodal models (LMMs), significant strides have been made in high-resource languages such as English and Chinese. While Arabic LLMs have seen notable progress, Arabic LMMs remain largely unexplored, often narrowly focusing on a few specific aspects of the language and visual understanding. To bridge this gap, we introduce AIN-the Arabic Inclusive Multimodal Model-designed to excel across diverse domains. AIN is an English-Arabic bilingual LMM designed to excel in English and Arabic, leveraging carefully constructed 3.6 million high-quality Arabic-English multimodal data samples. AIN demonstrates state-of-the-art Arabic performance, while also possessing strong English-language visual capabilities. On the recent CAMEL-Bench benchmark comprising 38 sub-domains including, multi-image understanding, complex visual perception, handwritten document understanding, video understanding, medical imaging, plant diseases, and remote sensing-based land use understanding, our AIN demonstrates strong performance with the 7B model outperforming GPT-4o by an absolute gain of 3.4% averaged over eight domains and 38 sub-domains. AIN's superior capabilities position it as a significant step toward empowering Arabic speakers with advanced multimodal generative AI tools across diverse applications.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 17 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Jan 2025.
Builds on
17 of 35 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling6 Dec
- 2024CAMEL-Bench: A Comprehensive Arabic LMM Benchmark24 Oct
- 2024Pangea: A Fully Open Multilingual Multimodal LLM for 39 Languages21 Oct
- 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer6 Aug
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks21 Dec
- 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models23 Jun
Other references · 11
- 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
- 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,224
- 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,729
- 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contextscited by 1,614
- 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,479
- 2020Language-agnostic BERT Sentence Embeddingcited by 627
- 2020AraBERT: Transformer-based Model for Arabic Language Understandingcited by 362
- 2024Molmo and PixMo: Open Weights and Open Data for State-of-the-Art Vision-Language Modelscited by 329
- 2024ArabicMMLU: Assessing Massive Multitask Language Understanding in Arabiccited by 88
- 2024LlavaGuard: An Open VLM-based Framework for Safeguarding Vision Datasets and Modelscited by 52
- 2024Maya: An Instruction Finetuned Multilingual Multimodal Modelcited by 15
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 3.
8 papers.
- 2025Time Travel: A Comprehensive Benchmark to Evaluate LMMs on Historical and Cultural Artifactscited by 11
- 2025SARD: A Large-Scale Synthetic Arabic OCR Dataset for Book-Style Text Recognitioncited by 6
- 2025ARB: A Comprehensive Arabic Multimodal Reasoning Benchmarkcited by 4
- 2026Once Correct, Still Wrong: Counterfactual Hallucination in Multilingual Vision-Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026SAHM: A Benchmark for Arabic Financial and Shari'ah-Compliant Reasoningcited by 2
- 2025Arabic Multimodal Machine Learning: Datasets, Applications, Approaches, and Challengescited by 1
- 2025VQA support to Arabic Language Learning Educational Toolcited by 0
- 2026DuwatBench: Bridging Language and Visual Heritage through an Arabic Calligraphy Benchmark for Multimodal Understandingcited by 0
- 2026SAHM: A Benchmark for Arabic Financial and Shari'ah-Compliant Reasoning21 Apr 2026
- 2026Once Correct, Still Wrong: Counterfactual Hallucination in Multilingual Vision-Language Models5 Feb 2026
- 2026DuwatBench: Bridging Language and Visual Heritage through an Arabic Calligraphy Benchmark for Multimodal Understanding27 Jan 2026
- 2025Arabic Multimodal Machine Learning: Datasets, Applications, Approaches, and Challenges17 Aug 2025
- 2025VQA support to Arabic Language Learning Educational Tool5 Aug 2025
- 2025SARD: A Large-Scale Synthetic Arabic OCR Dataset for Book-Style Text Recognition30 May 2025
- 2025ARB: A Comprehensive Arabic Multimodal Reasoning Benchmark22 May 2025
- 2025Time Travel: A Comprehensive Benchmark to Evaluate LMMs on Historical and Cultural Artifacts20 Feb 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Peacock: A Family of Arabic Multimodal Large Language Models and Benchmarks
- 2024All Languages Matter: Evaluating LMMs on Culturally Diverse 100 Languages
- 2025Pearl: A Multimodal Culturally-Aware Arabic Instruction Dataset
- 2024Dallah: A Dialect-Aware Multimodal Large Language Model for Arabic
- 2025JEEM: Vision-Language Understanding in Four Arabic Dialects
- 2025A Culturally-diverse Multilingual Multimodal Video Benchmark & Model
- 2025Wasm: A Pipeline for Constructing Structured Arabic Interleaved Multimodal Corpora
- 2024PALO: A Polyglot Large Multimodal Model for 5B People