mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

TFG-Flow: Training-free Guidance in Multimodal Generative Flow

arXiv 2501.14216 ↗First posted 24 Jan 2025cs.LG cs.AI cs.CEcited by 5

On the map: Diffusion models → Flow matching, time series and science

Abstract (arXiv)

Given an unconditional generative model and a predictor for a target property (e.g., a classifier), the goal of training-free guidance is to generate samples with desirable target properties without additional training. As a highly efficient technique for steering generative models toward flexible outcomes, training-free guidance has gained increasing attention in diffusion models. However, existing methods only handle data in continuous spaces, while many scientific applications involve both continuous and discrete data (referred to as multimodality). Another emerging trend is the growing use of the simple and general flow matching framework in building generative foundation models, where guided generation remains under-explored. To address this, we introduce TFG-Flow, a novel training-free guidance method for multimodal generative flow. TFG-Flow addresses the curse-of-dimensionality while maintaining the property of unbiased sampling in guiding discrete variables. We validate TFG-Flow on four molecular design tasks and show that TFG-Flow has great potential in drug design by generating molecules with desired properties.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Flow matching, time series and science, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 82 of its 104 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jan 2025.

Builds on

82 of 104 references.

Closest ancestors · 16

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024PeRFlow: Piecewise Rectified Flow as Universal Plug-and-Play Accelerator13 May
  2. 2024D-Flow: Differentiating through Flows for Controlled Generation21 Feb
  3. 2024Generative Flows on Discrete State-Spaces: Enabling Multimodal Flows with Applications to Protein Co-Design7 Feb
  4. 2023A Multi-Modal Contrastive Diffusion Model for Therapeutic Peptide Generation25 Dec
  5. 2023A framework for conditional diffusion modelling with applications in motif scaffolding for protein design14 Dec
  6. 2023Sparse Training of Discrete Diffusion Models for Graph Generation3 Nov
  7. 2023InstaFlow: One Step is Enough for High-Quality Diffusion-Based Text-to-Image Generation12 Sep
  8. 2023Learning Joint 2D & 3D Diffusion Models for Complete Molecule Generation21 May
  9. 2023Geometric Latent Diffusion Models for 3D Molecule Generation2 May
  10. 2023Geometry-Complete Diffusion for 3D Molecule Generation and Optimization8 Feb
  11. 2022Structure-based Drug Design with Equivariant Diffusion Models24 Oct
  12. 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modeling6 Oct
4 more
  1. 2022TabDDPM: Modelling Tabular Data with Diffusion Models30 Sep
  2. 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flow7 Sep
  3. 2022Equivariant Diffusion for Molecule Generation in 3D31 Mar
  4. 2022GeoDiff: a Geometric Diffusion Model for Molecular Conformation Generation6 Mar

Other references · 66

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  3. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
  4. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,255
  5. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,058
  6. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,355
  7. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
  8. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
  9. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,101
  10. 2018Neural Ordinary Differential Equationscited by 3,779
  11. 2017Neural Message Passing for Quantum Chemistrycited by 3,487
  12. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
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  1. 2022Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Modelscited by 3,045
  2. 2022Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2,305
  3. 2021Structured Denoising Diffusion Models in Discrete State-Spacescited by 1,719
  4. 2020DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesiscited by 1,354
  5. 2022Scaling Autoregressive Models for Content-Rich Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,295
  6. 2020Improved Techniques for Training Score-Based Generative Modelscited by 1,043
  7. 2022Diffusion-LM Improves Controllable Text Generationcited by 1,027
  8. 2022Building Normalizing Flows with Stochastic Interpolantscited by 995
  9. 2021E(n) Equivariant Graph Neural Networkscited by 965
  10. 2023Stochastic Interpolants: A Unifying Framework for Flows and Diffusionscited by 939
  11. 2024WorldSimBench: Towards Video Generation Models as World Simulatorscited by 881
  12. 2021Diffusion Probabilistic Models for 3D Point Cloud Generationcited by 735
  13. 2021Maximum Likelihood Training of Score-Based Diffusion Modelscited by 672
  14. 2022Zero-Shot Image Restoration Using Denoising Diffusion Null-Space Modelcited by 583
  15. 2022DiffuSeq: Sequence to Sequence Text Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 450
  16. 2023Universal Guidance for Diffusion Modelscited by 437
  17. 2023Simple diffusion: End-to-end diffusion for high resolution imagescited by 422
  18. 2022Analog Bits: Generating Discrete Data using Diffusion Models with Self-Conditioningcited by 373
  19. 2023Denoising Diffusion Models for Plug-and-Play Image Restorationcited by 340
  20. 2021Score-based diffusion models for accelerated MRIcited by 311
  21. 2023FreeDoM: Training-Free Energy-Guided Conditional Diffusion Modelcited by 294
  22. 2020GEOM: Energy-annotated molecular conformations for property prediction and molecular generationcited by 243
  23. 2022Riemannian Score-Based Generative Modellingcited by 219
  24. 2022Continuous diffusion for categorical datacited by 214
  25. 2023Continual Pre-training of Language Modelscited by 198
  26. 2022SSD-LM: Semi-autoregressive Simplex-based Diffusion Language Model for Text Generation and Modular Controlcited by 194
  27. 2022Pocket2Mol: Efficient Molecular Sampling Based on 3D Protein Pocketscited by 183
  28. 20233D Equivariant Diffusion for Target-Aware Molecule Generation and Affinity Predictioncited by 177
  29. 2023HIVE: Harnessing Human Feedback for Instructional Visual Editingcited by 173
  30. 2023Manifold Preserving Guided Diffusioncited by 157
  31. 2023A Reparameterized Discrete Diffusion Model for Text Generationcited by 152
  32. 2023Likelihood-Based Diffusion Language Modelscited by 151
  33. 2022A 3D Generative Model for Structure-Based Drug Designcited by 149
  34. 2022Riemannian Diffusion Modelscited by 122
  35. 2022Self-conditioned Embedding Diffusion for Text Generationcited by 117
  36. 2023End-to-End Diffusion Latent Optimization Improves Classifier Guidancecited by 108
  37. 2024TFG: Unified Training-Free Guidance for Diffusion Modelscited by 107
  38. 2022CARD: Classification and Regression Diffusion Modelscited by 103

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 4.

5 papers.

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Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Flow Density Control: Generative Optimization Beyond Entropy-Regularized Fine-Tuning
  2. 2024A survey of probabilistic generative frameworks for molecular simulations
  3. 2024Context-Guided Diffusion for Out-of-Distribution Molecular and Protein Design
  4. 2025Training-Free Guidance Beyond Differentiability: Scalable Path Steering with Tree Search in Diffusion and Flow Models
  5. 2025Branching Flows: Discrete, Continuous, and Manifold Flow Matching with Splits and Deletions
  6. 2024Mixed Continuous and Categorical Flow Matching for 3D De Novo Molecule Generation
  7. 2025Diffusion Models with Double Guidance: Generate with aggregated datasets
  8. 2025Greed is Good: A Unifying Perspective on Guided Generation