Irony in Emojis: A Comparative Study of Human and LLM Interpretation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Emojis have become a universal language in online communication, often carrying nuanced and context-dependent meanings. Among these, irony poses a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its inherent incongruity between appearance and intent. This study examines the ability of GPT-4o to interpret irony in emojis. By prompting GPT-4o to evaluate the likelihood of specific emojis being used to express irony on social media and comparing its interpretations with human perceptions, we aim to bridge the gap between machine and human understanding. Our findings reveal nuanced insights into GPT-4o's interpretive capabilities, highlighting areas of alignment with and divergence from human behavior. Additionally, this research underscores the importance of demographic factors, such as age and gender, in shaping emoji interpretation and evaluates how these factors influence GPT-4o's performance.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Jan 2025.
Builds on
11 of 22 references.
References · 11
- 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,500
- 2023"Kelly is a Warm Person, Joseph is a Role Model": Gender Biases in LLM-Generated Reference Letterscited by 196
- 2023Gender bias and stereotypes in Large Language Modelscited by 185
- 2017Spice up Your Chat: The Intentions and Sentiment Effects of Using Emojicited by 12
- 2019Studying Cultural Differences in Emoji Usage across the East and the Westcited by 8
- 2024Human vs. LMMs: Exploring the Discrepancy in Emoji Interpretation and Usage in Digital Communicationcited by 8
- 2024Emojis Decoded: Leveraging ChatGPT for Enhanced Understanding in Social Media Communicationscited by 7
- 2017Through a Gender Lens: Learning Usage Patterns of Emojis from Large-Scale Android Userscited by 5
- 2022On the Context-Free Ambiguity of Emojicited by 4
- 2018Mining the Relationship between Emoji Usage Patterns and Personalitycited by 2
- 2024Semantics Preserving Emoji Recommendation with Large Language Modelscited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
5 papers.
- 2026Cognitive Mismatch in Multimodal Large Language Models for Discrete Symbol Understandingcited by 6
- 2025When Smiley Turns Hostile: Interpreting How Emojis Trigger LLMs' Toxicitycited by 2
- 2025V-VAE: A Variational Auto Encoding Framework Towards Fine-Grained Control over Human-Like Chatcited by 1
- 2026False Friends in the Shell: Unveiling the Emoticon Semantic Confusion in Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025Irony Detection in Urdu Text: A Comparative Study Using Machine Learning Models and Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Cognitive Mismatch in Multimodal Large Language Models for Discrete Symbol Understanding19 Mar 2026
- 2026False Friends in the Shell: Unveiling the Emoticon Semantic Confusion in Large Language Models12 Jan 2026
- 2025Irony Detection in Urdu Text: A Comparative Study Using Machine Learning Models and Large Language Models25 Oct 2025
- 2025When Smiley Turns Hostile: Interpreting How Emojis Trigger LLMs' Toxicity14 Sep 2025
- 2025V-VAE: A Variational Auto Encoding Framework Towards Fine-Grained Control over Human-Like Chat2 Jun 2025