mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

ALKAFI-LLAMA3: Fine-Tuning LLMs for Precise Legal Understanding in Palestine

arXiv 2412.14771 ↗First posted 19 Dec 2024cs.CL cs.AI cs.LGcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in diverse domains, yet their application in the legal sector, particularly in low-resource contexts, remains limited. This study addresses the challenges of adapting LLMs to the Palestinian legal domain, where political instability, fragmented legal frameworks, and limited AI resources hinder effective machine-learning applications. We present a fine-tuned model based on a quantized version of Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct, trained on a synthetic data set derived from Palestinian legal texts. Using smaller-scale models and strategically generated question-answer pairs, we achieve a cost-effective, locally sustainable solution that provides accurate and contextually relevant legal guidance. Our experiments demonstrate promising performance on various query types, ranging from yes/no questions and narrative explanations to complex legal differentiations, while highlighting areas for improvement, such as handling calculation-based inquiries and structured list formatting. This work provides a pathway for the deployment of AI-driven legal assistance tools tailored to the needs of resource-constrained environments.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Dec 2024.

Builds on

14 of 42 references.

References · 14

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,486
  2. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,072
  3. 2023The Falcon Series of Open Language Modelscited by 533
  4. 2024SaulLM-7B: A pioneering Large Language Model for Lawcited by 137
  5. 2024RAG vs Fine-tuning: Pipelines, Tradeoffs, and a Case Study on Agriculturecited by 81
  6. 2024Understanding Warmup-Stable-Decay Learning Rates: A River Valley Loss Landscape Perspectivecited by 78
  7. 2024Fine-tuning and Utilization Methods of Domain-specific LLMscited by 36
  8. 2024A Continued Pretrained LLM Approach for Automatic Medical Note Generationcited by 30
  9. 2024Better Call GPT, Comparing Large Language Models Against Lawyerscited by 26
  10. 2024EDA Corpus: A Large Language Model Dataset for Enhanced Interaction with OpenROADcited by 12
  11. 2024AraFinNLP 2024: The First Arabic Financial NLP Shared Taskcited by 12
  12. 2024Juru: Legal Brazilian Large Language Model from Reputable Sourcescited by 5
2 more
  1. 2024InternLM-Law: An Open Source Chinese Legal Large Language Modelcited by 5
  2. 2024Zero- and Few-shot Named Entity Recognition and Text Expansion in Medication Prescriptions using ChatGPTcited by 1

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1.

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  1. 2026Parameter Efficient Fine Tuning Llama 3.1 for Answering Arabic Legal Questions: A Case Study on Jordanian Laws
  2. 2025Evaluating the Limits of Large Language Models in Multilingual Legal Reasoning
  3. 2025A Llama walks into the 'Bar': Efficient Supervised Fine-Tuning for Legal Reasoning in the Multi-state Bar Exam
  4. 2025Elevating Legal LLM Responses: Harnessing Trainable Logical Structures and Semantic Knowledge with Legal Reasoning
  5. 2023Large Language Models as Tax Attorneys: A Case Study in Legal Capabilities Emergence
  6. 2026Islamic Large Language Models: From Knowledge Acquisition to Trustworthy and Hallucination-Resistant AI
  7. 2025A Reasoning-Focused Legal Retrieval Benchmark
  8. 2025SynLexLM: Scaling Legal LLMs with Synthetic Data and Curriculum Learning