InternLM-Law: An Open Source Chinese Legal Large Language Model
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Abstract (arXiv)
While large language models (LLMs) have showcased impressive capabilities, they struggle with addressing legal queries due to the intricate complexities and specialized expertise required in the legal field. In this paper, we introduce InternLM-Law, a specialized LLM tailored for addressing diverse legal queries related to Chinese laws, spanning from responding to standard legal questions (e.g., legal exercises in textbooks) to analyzing complex real-world legal situations. We meticulously construct a dataset in the Chinese legal domain, encompassing over 1 million queries, and implement a data filtering and processing pipeline to ensure its diversity and quality. Our training approach involves a novel two-stage process: initially fine-tuning LLMs on both legal-specific and general-purpose content to equip the models with broad knowledge, followed by exclusive fine-tuning on high-quality legal data to enhance structured output generation. InternLM-Law achieves the highest average performance on LawBench, outperforming state-of-the-art models, including GPT-4, on 13 out of 20 subtasks. We make InternLM-Law and our dataset publicly available to facilitate future research in applying LLMs within the legal domain.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jun 2024.
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25 of 34 references.
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 2.
5 papers.
- 2024An overview of domain-specific foundation model: key technologies, applications and challengescited by 19
- 2025A Law Reasoning Benchmark for LLM with Tree-Organized Structures including Factum Probandum, Evidence and Experiencescited by 7
- 2024Legal Evalutions and Challenges of Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2024ALKAFI-LLAMA3: Fine-Tuning LLMs for Precise Legal Understanding in Palestinecited by 1
- 2025CLaw: Benchmarking Chinese Legal Knowledge in Large Language Models - A Fine-grained Corpus and Reasoning Analysiscited by 1
- 2025CLaw: Benchmarking Chinese Legal Knowledge in Large Language Models - A Fine-grained Corpus and Reasoning Analysis25 Sep 2025
- 2025A Law Reasoning Benchmark for LLM with Tree-Organized Structures including Factum Probandum, Evidence and Experiences2 Mar 2025
- 2024ALKAFI-LLAMA3: Fine-Tuning LLMs for Precise Legal Understanding in Palestine19 Dec 2024
- 2024Legal Evalutions and Challenges of Large Language Models15 Nov 2024
- 2024An overview of domain-specific foundation model: key technologies, applications and challenges6 Sep 2024