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Parameter Efficient Fine Tuning Llama 3.1 for Answering Arabic Legal Questions: A Case Study on Jordanian Laws

arXiv 2601.17364 ↗First posted 24 Jan 2026cs.CL cs.AIcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

This study uses Jordanian law as a case study to explore the fine-tuning of the Llama-3.1 large language model for Arabic question-answering. Two versions of the model - Llama-3.1-8B-bnb-4bit and Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-bnb-4bit - were fine-tuned using parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) with LoRA adapters and 4-bit quantized models, leveraging the Unsloth framework for accelerated and resource-efficient training. A custom dataset of 6000 legal question-answer pairs was curated from Jordanian laws and formatted into structured prompts. Performance was evaluated using the BLEU and the ROUGE metrics to compare the fine-tuned models to their respective base versions. Results demonstrated improved legal reasoning and accuracy while achieving resource efficiency through quantization and optimized fine-tuning strategies. This work underscores the potential of adapting large language models for Arabic legal domains and highlights effective techniques for fine-tuning domain-specific tasks.

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References · 5

  1. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
  2. 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,824
  3. 2020Don't Stop Pretraining: Adapt Language Models to Domains and Taskscited by 1,565
  4. 2022AraLegal-BERT: A pretrained language model for Arabic Legal textcited by 7
  5. 2024Aggregated Knowledge Model: Enhancing Domain-Specific QA with Fine-Tuned and Retrieval-Augmented Generation Modelscited by 1

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