PsyDT: Using LLMs to Construct the Digital Twin of Psychological Counselor with Personalized Counseling Style for Psychological Counseling
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Abstract (arXiv)
Currently, large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in the field of psychological counseling. However, existing mental health LLMs overlook a critical issue where they do not consider the fact that different psychological counselors exhibit different personal styles, including linguistic style and therapy techniques, etc. As a result, these LLMs fail to satisfy the individual needs of clients who seek different counseling styles. To help bridge this gap, we propose PsyDT, a novel framework using LLMs to construct the Digital Twin of Psychological counselor with personalized counseling style. Compared to the time-consuming and costly approach of collecting a large number of real-world counseling cases to create a specific counselor's digital twin, our framework offers a faster and more cost-effective solution. To construct PsyDT, we utilize dynamic one-shot learning by using GPT-4 to capture counselor's unique counseling style, mainly focusing on linguistic style and therapy techniques. Subsequently, using existing single-turn long-text dialogues with client's questions, GPT-4 is guided to synthesize multi-turn dialogues of specific counselor. Finally, we fine-tune the LLMs on the synthetic dataset, PsyDTCorpus, to achieve the digital twin of psychological counselor with personalized counseling style. Experimental results indicate that our proposed PsyDT framework can synthesize multi-turn dialogues that closely resemble real-world counseling cases and demonstrate better performance compared to other baselines, thereby show that our framework can effectively construct the digital twin of psychological counselor with a specific counseling style.
Key facts. Cited by 37 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Dec 2024.
Builds on
11 of 44 references.
References · 11
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- 2023Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Modelscited by 664
- 2023SoulChat: Improving LLMs' Empathy, Listening, and Comfort Abilities through Fine-tuning with Multi-turn Empathy Conversationscited by 109
- 2024CPsyCoun: A Report-based Multi-turn Dialogue Reconstruction and Evaluation Framework for Chinese Psychological Counselingcited by 88
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 16; 2026: 21.
37 papers.
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- 2025MULTI-Bench: A Multi-Turn Interactive Benchmark for Assessing Emotional Intelligence ability of Spoken Dialogue Modelscited by 9
- 2025How Real Are Synthetic Therapy Conversations? Evaluating Fidelity in Prolonged Exposure Dialoguescited by 8
- 2025TheraMind: A Strategic and Adaptive Agent for Longitudinal Psychological Counselingcited by 7
- 2025MCTSr-Zero: Self-Reflective Psychological Counseling Dialogues Generation via Principles and Adaptive Explorationcited by 4
- 2025Reframe Your Life Story: Interactive Narrative Therapist and Innovative Moment Assessment with Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026PsychEval: A Multi-Session and Multi-Therapy Benchmark for High-Realism AI Psychological Counselorcited by 3
- 2025Toward Real-World Chinese Psychological Support Dialogues: CPsDD Dataset and a Co-Evolving Multi-Agent Systemcited by 2
- 2025PEER: Unified Process-Outcome Reinforcement Learning for Structured Empathetic Reasoningcited by 2
- 2026PsychePass: Calibrating LLM Therapeutic Competence via Trajectory-Anchored Tournamentscited by 2
- 2026Responsible Evaluation of AI for Mental Healthcited by 2
- 2026PsychAgent: An Experience-Driven Lifelong Learning Agent for Self-Evolving Psychological Counselorcited by 2
- 2025Reviewing Clinical Knowledge in Medical Large Language Models: Training and Beyondcited by 1
25 more
- 2025RHealthTwin: Towards Responsible and Multimodal Digital Twins for Personalized Well-beingcited by 1
- 2025Enhancing User Engagement in Socially-Driven Dialogue through Interactive LLM Alignmentscited by 1
- 2025MoPHES:Leveraging on-device LLMs as Agent for Mobile Psychological Health Evaluation and Supportcited by 1
- 2025Toward expert-level motivational interviewing for health behavior improvement with LLMscited by 1
- 2026EFT-CoT: A Multi-Agent Chain-of-Thought Framework for Emotion-Focused Therapycited by 1
- 2026TrustMH-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating the Trustworthiness of Large Language Models in Mental Healthcited by 1
- 2026CCD-CBT: Multi-Agent Therapeutic Interaction for CBT Guided by Cognitive Conceptualization Diagramcited by 1
- 2026Auditing Stealth Sycophancy in Mental-Health Dialogue: Structured Clinical-State Diagnostics and Clean Matched Benchmarkscited by 1
- 2026When Seekers Are Hard to Help: Evaluating Emotional Support Dialogue Systems in Worst-Case Interactionscited by 1
- 2026DMT-CBT: Longitudinal Therapeutic State Modeling for CBT Counselingcited by 1
- 2025PsyCounAssist: A Full-Cycle AI-Powered Psychological Counseling Assistant Systemcited by 0
- 2025EmoStage: A Framework for Accurate Empathetic Response Generation via Perspective-Taking and Phase Recognitioncited by 0
- 2025PsyLite Technical Reportcited by 0
- 2025First, Do No Harm: AI Supervisor Scaffolds Novice Growth in Counselor Educationcited by 0
- 2026Towards Privacy-Preserving Mental Health Support with Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Psych=eChat: An Empathic Framework Focused on Emotion Shift Tracking and Safety Risk Analysis in Psychological Counselingcited by 0
- 2026Cognitive Policy-Driven LLM for Diagnosis and Intervention of Cognitive Distortions in Emotional Support Conversationcited by 0
- 2026SAGE: A Strategy-Aware Graph-Enhanced Generation Framework For Online Counselingcited by 0
- 2026EmoTrack: Clinical-Semantic Modeling for Text-Based Depression Severity Estimationcited by 0
- 2026When Clients Stop Following: A Cognitive Conceptualization Diagram-driven Framework for Strategic Counselingcited by 0
- 2026EmoTrace: An Emotion Trajectory-Centered Framework for Psychological Support Dialogue Generationcited by 0
- 2026Auditing the Synthetic Memoir: Measuring Scene-Level Confabulation in LLM-Generated Autobiography Against the Documented Record of the Life It Describescited by 0
- 2026LongCounsel-8: A Benchmark Suite for Longitudinal Depression Tracking from Multi-Session Counseling Dialoguescited by 0
- 2026From Pattern Recognizers to Personalized Companions: A Survey of Large Language Models in Mental Healthcited by 0
- 2026BiGraph-Diffuse: A Bidirectional Diffusion Language Model with Graph-Structured Retrieval For Mental Health Counselingcited by 0
- 2026From Pattern Recognizers to Personalized Companions: A Survey of Large Language Models in Mental Health21 Sep 2026
- 2026LongCounsel-8: A Benchmark Suite for Longitudinal Depression Tracking from Multi-Session Counseling Dialogues3 Sep 2026
- 2026BiGraph-Diffuse: A Bidirectional Diffusion Language Model with Graph-Structured Retrieval For Mental Health Counseling25 Aug 2026
- 2026Auditing the Synthetic Memoir: Measuring Scene-Level Confabulation in LLM-Generated Autobiography Against the Documented Record of the Life It Describes23 Aug 2026
- 2026EmoTrace: An Emotion Trajectory-Centered Framework for Psychological Support Dialogue Generation26 Jul 2026
- 2026When Clients Stop Following: A Cognitive Conceptualization Diagram-driven Framework for Strategic Counseling3 Jun 2026
- 2026DMT-CBT: Longitudinal Therapeutic State Modeling for CBT Counseling2 Jun 2026
- 2026When Seekers Are Hard to Help: Evaluating Emotional Support Dialogue Systems in Worst-Case Interactions27 May 2026
- 2026EmoTrack: Clinical-Semantic Modeling for Text-Based Depression Severity Estimation21 May 2026
- 2026Auditing Stealth Sycophancy in Mental-Health Dialogue: Structured Clinical-State Diagnostics and Clean Matched Benchmarks5 May 2026
- 2026SAGE: A Strategy-Aware Graph-Enhanced Generation Framework For Online Counseling29 Apr 2026
- 2026Cognitive Policy-Driven LLM for Diagnosis and Intervention of Cognitive Distortions in Emotional Support Conversation19 Apr 2026
25 more
- 2026CCD-CBT: Multi-Agent Therapeutic Interaction for CBT Guided by Cognitive Conceptualization Diagram8 Apr 2026
- 2026PsychAgent: An Experience-Driven Lifelong Learning Agent for Self-Evolving Psychological Counselor1 Apr 2026
- 2026TrustMH-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating the Trustworthiness of Large Language Models in Mental Health3 Mar 2026
- 2026PsychePass: Calibrating LLM Therapeutic Competence via Trajectory-Anchored Tournaments28 Jan 2026
- 2026EFT-CoT: A Multi-Agent Chain-of-Thought Framework for Emotion-Focused Therapy25 Jan 2026
- 2026Responsible Evaluation of AI for Mental Health20 Jan 2026
- 2026Psych=eChat: An Empathic Framework Focused on Emotion Shift Tracking and Safety Risk Analysis in Psychological Counseling18 Jan 2026
- 2026Towards Privacy-Preserving Mental Health Support with Large Language Models5 Jan 2026
- 2026PsychEval: A Multi-Session and Multi-Therapy Benchmark for High-Realism AI Psychological Counselor5 Jan 2026
- 2025Toward expert-level motivational interviewing for health behavior improvement with LLMs17 Dec 2025
- 2025MULTI-Bench: A Multi-Turn Interactive Benchmark for Assessing Emotional Intelligence ability of Spoken Dialogue Models2 Nov 2025
- 2025TheraMind: A Strategic and Adaptive Agent for Longitudinal Psychological Counseling29 Oct 2025
- 2025MoPHES:Leveraging on-device LLMs as Agent for Mobile Psychological Health Evaluation and Support17 Oct 2025
- 2025PEER: Unified Process-Outcome Reinforcement Learning for Structured Empathetic Reasoning13 Aug 2025
- 2025First, Do No Harm: AI Supervisor Scaffolds Novice Growth in Counselor Education12 Aug 2025
- 2025Reframe Your Life Story: Interactive Narrative Therapist and Innovative Moment Assessment with Large Language Models27 Jul 2025
- 2025Toward Real-World Chinese Psychological Support Dialogues: CPsDD Dataset and a Co-Evolving Multi-Agent System10 Jul 2025
- 2025PsyLite Technical Report26 Jun 2025
- 2025Enhancing User Engagement in Socially-Driven Dialogue through Interactive LLM Alignments26 Jun 2025
- 2025EmoStage: A Framework for Accurate Empathetic Response Generation via Perspective-Taking and Phase Recognition24 Jun 2025
- 2025RHealthTwin: Towards Responsible and Multimodal Digital Twins for Personalized Well-being10 Jun 2025
- 2025MCTSr-Zero: Self-Reflective Psychological Counseling Dialogues Generation via Principles and Adaptive Exploration29 May 2025
- 2025How Real Are Synthetic Therapy Conversations? Evaluating Fidelity in Prolonged Exposure Dialogues30 Apr 2025
- 2025PsyCounAssist: A Full-Cycle AI-Powered Psychological Counseling Assistant System23 Apr 2025
- 2025Reviewing Clinical Knowledge in Medical Large Language Models: Training and Beyond28 Feb 2025
- 2025TheraMind: A Strategic and Adaptive Agent for Longitudinal Psychological Counselingcited by 7
- 2025Toward Real-World Chinese Psychological Support Dialogues: CPsDD Dataset and a Co-Evolving Multi-Agent Systemcited by 2
- 2026PsychAgent: An Experience-Driven Lifelong Learning Agent for Self-Evolving Psychological Counselorcited by 2
- 2026CCD-CBT: Multi-Agent Therapeutic Interaction for CBT Guided by Cognitive Conceptualization Diagramcited by 1
- 2026CCD-CBT: Multi-Agent Therapeutic Interaction for CBT Guided by Cognitive Conceptualization Diagram8 Apr 2026
- 2026PsychAgent: An Experience-Driven Lifelong Learning Agent for Self-Evolving Psychological Counselor1 Apr 2026
- 2025TheraMind: A Strategic and Adaptive Agent for Longitudinal Psychological Counseling29 Oct 2025
- 2025Toward Real-World Chinese Psychological Support Dialogues: CPsDD Dataset and a Co-Evolving Multi-Agent System10 Jul 2025
- 2025MULTI-Bench: A Multi-Turn Interactive Benchmark for Assessing Emotional Intelligence ability of Spoken Dialogue Modelscited by 9
- 2025How Real Are Synthetic Therapy Conversations? Evaluating Fidelity in Prolonged Exposure Dialoguescited by 8
- 2025MCTSr-Zero: Self-Reflective Psychological Counseling Dialogues Generation via Principles and Adaptive Explorationcited by 4
- 2025Reframe Your Life Story: Interactive Narrative Therapist and Innovative Moment Assessment with Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026PsychEval: A Multi-Session and Multi-Therapy Benchmark for High-Realism AI Psychological Counselorcited by 3
- 2026PsychePass: Calibrating LLM Therapeutic Competence via Trajectory-Anchored Tournamentscited by 2
- 2026Responsible Evaluation of AI for Mental Healthcited by 2
- 2025Reviewing Clinical Knowledge in Medical Large Language Models: Training and Beyondcited by 1
- 2025RHealthTwin: Towards Responsible and Multimodal Digital Twins for Personalized Well-beingcited by 1
- 2025MoPHES:Leveraging on-device LLMs as Agent for Mobile Psychological Health Evaluation and Supportcited by 1
- 2025Toward expert-level motivational interviewing for health behavior improvement with LLMscited by 1
- 2026TrustMH-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating the Trustworthiness of Large Language Models in Mental Healthcited by 1
12 most cited of 29 All 29 (JSON)
- 2026From Pattern Recognizers to Personalized Companions: A Survey of Large Language Models in Mental Health21 Sep 2026
- 2026LongCounsel-8: A Benchmark Suite for Longitudinal Depression Tracking from Multi-Session Counseling Dialogues3 Sep 2026
- 2026Auditing the Synthetic Memoir: Measuring Scene-Level Confabulation in LLM-Generated Autobiography Against the Documented Record of the Life It Describes23 Aug 2026
- 2026EmoTrace: An Emotion Trajectory-Centered Framework for Psychological Support Dialogue Generation26 Jul 2026
- 2026When Clients Stop Following: A Cognitive Conceptualization Diagram-driven Framework for Strategic Counseling3 Jun 2026
- 2026DMT-CBT: Longitudinal Therapeutic State Modeling for CBT Counseling2 Jun 2026
- 2026When Seekers Are Hard to Help: Evaluating Emotional Support Dialogue Systems in Worst-Case Interactions27 May 2026
- 2026EmoTrack: Clinical-Semantic Modeling for Text-Based Depression Severity Estimation21 May 2026
- 2026Auditing Stealth Sycophancy in Mental-Health Dialogue: Structured Clinical-State Diagnostics and Clean Matched Benchmarks5 May 2026
- 2026SAGE: A Strategy-Aware Graph-Enhanced Generation Framework For Online Counseling29 Apr 2026
- 2026Cognitive Policy-Driven LLM for Diagnosis and Intervention of Cognitive Distortions in Emotional Support Conversation19 Apr 2026
- 2026TrustMH-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating the Trustworthiness of Large Language Models in Mental Health3 Mar 2026
12 newest of 29 All 29 (JSON)