mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

jina-clip-v2: Multilingual Multimodal Embeddings for Text and Images

arXiv 2412.08802 ↗First posted 11 Dec 2024cs.CL cs.CV cs.IRcited by 36

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Abstract (arXiv)

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) has been widely used for crossmodal information retrieval and multimodal understanding tasks. However, CLIP models are mainly optimized for crossmodal vision-language tasks and underperform in single-mode text tasks. Moreover, these models are often trained on English datasets and therefore lack multilingual understanding. Additionally, from a visual understanding perspective, previous CLIP-based models exhibit insufficient understanding of visually rich documents. In this work, we propose jina-clip-v2, a contrastive vision-language model trained on text pairs, triplets and image-text pairs via a multi-task and multi-stage contrastive learning paradigm in order to support both text-only and crossmodal tasks. We employ a multilingual text encoder and expand the training dataset to include multilingual texts from 29 non-English languages, including Hindi, Chinese, German, French, and others, as well as images of visually rich documents. We evaluate the model's performance and show that jina-clip-v2 achieves notable improvements over state-of-the-art CLIP-based models in zero-shot text-only retrieval, semantic textual similarity, and crossmodal retrieval tasks in both English and multilingual settings. jina-clip-v2 also provides for flexibility in embedding dimensionality, enabling users to select the granularity of the representations. jina-clip-v2 is publicly available at https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-clip-v2.

Key facts. Cited by 36 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Dec 2024.

Builds on

38 of 48 references.

References · 38

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  3. 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 11,979
  4. 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,662
  5. 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,581
  6. 2019Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scalecited by 3,907
  7. 2021Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text Supervisioncited by 3,848
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26 more
  1. 2022No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translationcited by 1,290
  2. 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,288
  3. 2024M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillationcited by 1,050
  4. 2023ShareGPT4V: Improving Large Multi-Modal Models with Better Captionscited by 1,000
  5. 2023EVA-CLIP: Improved Training Techniques for CLIP at Scalecited by 786
  6. 2020Contrastive Learning of Medical Visual Representations from Paired Images and Textcited by 636
  7. 2021LiT: Zero-Shot Transfer with Locked-image text Tuningcited by 572
  8. 2022Mind the Gap: Understanding the Modality Gap in Multi-modal Contrastive Representation Learningcited by 553
  9. 2020RocketQA: An Optimized Training Approach to Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 410
  10. 2020Understanding the Behaviour of Contrastive Losscited by 397
  11. 2023EVA-02: A Visual Representation for Neon Genesiscited by 377
  12. 2024Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Reportcited by 357
  13. 2024Long-CLIP: Unlocking the Long-Text Capability of CLIPcited by 298
  14. 2021WIT: Wikipedia-based Image Text Dataset for Multimodal Multilingual Machine Learningcited by 285
  15. 2024mGTE: Generalized Long-Context Text Representation and Reranking Models for Multilingual Text Retrievalcited by 233
  16. 2024MM-Embed: Universal Multimodal Retrieval with Multimodal LLMscited by 159
  17. 2019Learning Dense Representations for Entity Retrievalcited by 122
  18. 2022Crossmodal-3600: A Massively Multilingual Multimodal Evaluation Datasetcited by 100
  19. 2023Getting ViT in Shape: Scaling Laws for Compute-Optimal Model Designcited by 87
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  21. 2023SciGraphQA: A Large-Scale Synthetic Multi-Turn Question-Answering Dataset for Scientific Graphscited by 66
  22. 2020Towards Zero-shot Cross-lingual Image Retrievalcited by 25
  23. 2023NLLB-CLIP -- train performant multilingual image retrieval model on a budgetcited by 24
  24. 2024Mitigate the Gap: Investigating Approaches for Improving Cross-Modal Alignment in CLIPcited by 23
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 17; 2026: 19.

36 papers.

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  1. 2025mmE5: Improving Multimodal Multilingual Embeddings via High-quality Synthetic Datacited by 49
  2. 2025MRAMG-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Advancing Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Multimodal Generationcited by 15
  3. 2025LoVR: A Benchmark for Long Video Retrieval in Multimodal Contextscited by 14
  4. 2025MRMR: A Realistic and Expert-Level Multidisciplinary Benchmark for Reasoning-Intensive Multimodal Retrievalcited by 12
  5. 2025How far can we go with ImageNet for Text-to-Image generation?cited by 10
  6. 2025One Pic is All it Takes: Poisoning Visual Document Retrieval Augmented Generation with a Single Imagecited by 8
  7. 2026PosterOmni: Generalized Artistic Poster Creation via Task Distillation and Unified Reward Feedbackcited by 8
  8. 2025One-Step Diffusion Transformer for Controllable Real-World Image Super-Resolutioncited by 7
  9. 2026jina-embeddings-v5-omni: Geometry-preserving Embeddings via Locked Aligned Towerscited by 4
  10. 2025Exploring Multimodal Perception in Large Language Models Through Perceptual Strength Ratingscited by 3
  11. 2025Traveling Across Languages: Benchmarking Cross-Lingual Consistency in Multimodal LLMscited by 3
  12. 2025On The Role of Pretrained Language Models in General-Purpose Text Embeddings: A Surveycited by 3
24 more
  1. 2025Shortcutting Pre-trained Flow Matching Diffusion Models is Almost Free Lunchcited by 3
  2. 2025Enhancing 3D Semantic Scene Completion with a Refinement Modulecited by 3
  3. 2026MultiHaystack: Benchmarking Multimodal Retrieval and Reasoning over 40K Images, Videos, and Documentscited by 3
  4. 2026WebNavigator: Global Web Navigation via Interaction Graph Retrievalcited by 3
  5. 2025Towards Text-Image Interleaved Retrievalcited by 2
  6. 2025Boosting Text-to-Chart Retrieval through Training with Synthesized Semantic Insightscited by 1
  7. 2025UniFGVC: Universal Training-Free Few-Shot Fine-Grained Vision Classification via Attribute-Aware Multimodal Retrievalcited by 1
  8. 2026Illuminating Visual Identity in Universal Multimodal Embeddingscited by 1
  9. 2025MOHPER: Multi-objective Hyperparameter Optimization Framework for E-commerce Retrieval Systemcited by 0
  10. 2025PRISM: Product Retrieval In Shopping Carts using Hybrid Matchingcited by 0
  11. 2026Multilingual-To-Multimodal (M2M): Unlocking New Languages with Monolingual Textcited by 0
  12. 2026RGB-Pointmap Pretraining for Unified 3D Scene Understandingcited by 0
  13. 2026HIVE: Query, Hypothesize, Verify An LLM Framework for Multimodal Reasoning-Intensive Retrievalcited by 0
  14. 2026Inference-Free Multimodal Learned Sparse Retrieval for Production-Scale Visual Document Searchcited by 0
  15. 2026One Stone, Three Birds: Self-adaptive Optimal Transport for Multi-VLM Selection, Adaptation, and Ensemblingcited by 0
  16. 2026Invoice Haystack: Benchmarking Document Retrieval and Visual Question Answering Under Strong Visual Homogeneitycited by 0
  17. 2026ReasonCLIP-58M: Visually Grounded Commonsense Reasoning Supervision for CLIPcited by 0
  18. 2026AHA-Memes: A Fine-Grained Multimodal Benchmark for Understanding Hate in Arabic Memescited by 0
  19. 2026KoVRE: Training an Efficient Embedding Model for Korean Visual Document Retrievalcited by 0
  20. 2026MMArt: A Multi-Perspective Multimodal Dataset for Visual Art Understandingcited by 0
  21. 2026SAM2Dual: Training-Free, Dual Memory for Long-Term Video Object Segmentationcited by 0
  22. 2026KoViDoRe: Korean Visual Document Retrievalcited by 0
  23. 2026IchthyoNoma: Nomenclature and Context Sensitivity of Zero-Shot Biological Vision--Language Models for Bangladeshi Freshwater Fish Recognitioncited by 0
  24. 2026Do Generative Priors Align with Human Naturalness Perception?cited by 0

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