mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

P+: Extended Textual Conditioning in Text-to-Image Generation

arXiv 2303.09522 ↗First posted 16 Mar 2023cs.CV cs.CL cs.GRcited by 242

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Cited by 125 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce an Extended Textual Conditioning space in text-to-image models, referred to as P+. This space consists of multiple textual conditions, derived from per-layer prompts, each corresponding to a layer of the denoising U-net of the diffusion model. We show that the extended space provides greater disentangling and control over image synthesis. We further introduce Extended Textual Inversion (XTI), where the images are inverted into P+, and represented by per-layer tokens. We show that XTI is more expressive and precise, and converges faster than the original Textual Inversion (TI) space. The extended inversion method does not involve any noticeable trade-off between reconstruction and editability and induces more regular inversions. We conduct a series of extensive experiments to analyze and understand the properties of the new space, and to showcase the effectiveness of our method for personalizing text-to-image models. Furthermore, we utilize the unique properties of this space to achieve previously unattainable results in object-style mixing using text-to-image models. Project page: https://prompt-plus.github.io

Key facts. Cited by 242 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 49 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2023.

Builds on

49 of 63 references.

References · 49

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  4. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  5. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  6. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  7. 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,893
  8. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  9. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  10. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
  11. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,717
  12. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,067
37 more
  1. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,595
  2. 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 3,286
  3. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,591
  4. 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,409
  5. 2013Visualizing and Understanding Convolutional Networkscited by 2,278
  6. 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,231
  7. 2022Magic3D: High-Resolution Text-to-3D Content Creationcited by 1,285
  8. 2020Training Generative Adversarial Networks with Limited Datacited by 1,184
  9. 2022Imagic: Text-Based Real Image Editing with Diffusion Modelscited by 1,172
  10. 2022Null-text Inversion for Editing Real Images using Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 1,168
  11. 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusioncited by 1,099
  12. 2021StyleCLIP: Text-Driven Manipulation of StyleGAN Imagerycited by 990
  13. 2021Blended Diffusion for Text-driven Editing of Natural Imagescited by 924
  14. 2022Plug-and-Play Diffusion Features for Text-Driven Image-to-Image Translationcited by 897
  15. 2020Encoding in Style: a StyleGAN Encoder for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 727
  16. 2022Pseudo Numerical Methods for Diffusion Models on Manifoldscited by 695
  17. 2019Image2StyleGAN: How to Embed Images Into the StyleGAN Latent Space?cited by 675
  18. 2022DiffEdit: Diffusion-based semantic image editing with mask guidancecited by 643
  19. 2023Muse: Text-To-Image Generation via Masked Generative Transformerscited by 640
  20. 2021Designing an Encoder for StyleGAN Image Manipulationcited by 542
  21. 2023Zero-shot Image-to-Image Translationcited by 503
  22. 2022Blended Latent Diffusioncited by 430
  23. 2021Pivotal Tuning for Latent-based Editing of Real Imagescited by 427
  24. 2021GAN Inversion: A Surveycited by 366
  25. 2019Image2StyleGAN++: How to Edit the Embedded Images?cited by 356
  26. 2016Generative Visual Manipulation on the Natural Image Manifoldcited by 348
  27. 2020StyleSpace Analysis: Disentangled Controls for StyleGAN Image Generationcited by 331
  28. 2022Text2LIVE: Text-Driven Layered Image and Video Editingcited by 312
  29. 2022VQGAN-CLIP: Open Domain Image Generation and Editing with Natural Language Guidancecited by 285
  30. 2020Understanding the Role of Individual Units in a Deep Neural Networkcited by 254
  31. 2022Imagen Editor and EditBench: Advancing and Evaluating Text-Guided Image Inpaintingcited by 229
  32. 2021HyperStyle: StyleGAN Inversion with HyperNetworks for Real Image Editingcited by 208
  33. 2021CLIPstyler: Image Style Transfer with a Single Text Conditioncited by 203
  34. 2021High-Fidelity GAN Inversion for Image Attribute Editingcited by 197
  35. 2016Semantic Image Inpainting with Deep Generative Modelscited by 156
  36. 2016Inverting The Generator Of A Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 140
  37. 2022State-of-the-Art in the Architecture, Methods and Applications of StyleGANcited by 34

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 48; 2024: 99; 2025: 74; 2026: 21.

242 papers.

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  1. 2023NExT-GPT: Any-to-Any Multimodal LLMcited by 610
  2. 2023DynamiCrafter: Animating Open-domain Images with Video Diffusion Priorscited by 463
  3. 2023InstantBooth: Personalized Text-to-Image Generation without Test-Time Finetuningcited by 343
  4. 2023SVDiff: Compact Parameter Space for Diffusion Fine-Tuningcited by 338
  5. 2023PhotoMaker: Customizing Realistic Human Photos via Stacked ID Embeddingcited by 324
  6. 2023Mix-of-Show: Decentralized Low-Rank Adaptation for Multi-Concept Customization of Diffusion Modelscited by 261
  7. 2023Break-A-Scene: Extracting Multiple Concepts from a Single Imagecited by 230
  8. 2023HyperDreamBooth: HyperNetworks for Fast Personalization of Text-to-Image Modelscited by 224
  9. 2023Style Aligned Image Generation via Shared Attentioncited by 214
  10. 2023Subject-Diffusion:Open Domain Personalized Text-to-Image Generation without Test-time Fine-tuningcited by 191
  11. 2024Mixture of LoRA Expertscited by 179
  12. 2024InstantStyle: Free Lunch towards Style-Preserving in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 166
38 more
  1. 2023SSR-Encoder: Encoding Selective Subject Representation for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 142
  2. 2023Re-imagine the Negative Prompt Algorithm: Transform 2D Diffusion into 3D, alleviate Janus problem and Beyondcited by 139
  3. 2024Implicit Style-Content Separation using B-LoRAcited by 135
  4. 2023State of the Art on Diffusion Models for Visual Computingcited by 126
  5. 2023A Neural Space-Time Representation for Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 123
  6. 2023Delta Denoising Scorecited by 120
  7. 2023Navigating Text-To-Image Customization: From LyCORIS Fine-Tuning to Model Evaluationcited by 108
  8. 2023Improving Tuning-Free Real Image Editing with Proximal Guidancecited by 87
  9. 2024Controllable Generation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models: A Surveycited by 82
  10. 2023Orthogonal Adaptation for Modular Customization of Diffusion Modelscited by 70
  11. 2023VideoSwap: Customized Video Subject Swapping with Interactive Semantic Point Correspondencecited by 69
  12. 2024DEADiff: An Efficient Stylization Diffusion Model with Disentangled Representationscited by 68
  13. 2025Multi-subject Open-set Personalization in Video Generationcited by 65
  14. 2024OMG: Occlusion-friendly Personalized Multi-concept Generation in Diffusion Modelscited by 64
  15. 2023DiffusionLight: Light Probes for Free by Painting a Chrome Ballcited by 63
  16. 2023The Chosen One: Consistent Characters in Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 62
  17. 2024Visual Style Prompting with Swapping Self-Attentioncited by 62
  18. 2023Concept Decomposition for Visual Exploration and Inspirationcited by 61
  19. 2024DreamMatcher: Appearance Matching Self-Attention for Semantically-Consistent Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 60
  20. 2024StyleShot: A Snapshot on Any Stylecited by 60
  21. 2023ImageBrush: Learning Visual In-Context Instructions for Exemplar-Based Image Manipulationcited by 59
  22. 2024Magic-Me: Identity-Specific Video Customized Diffusioncited by 58
  23. 2024MyVLM: Personalizing VLMs for User-Specific Queriescited by 58
  24. 2024LoRA-Composer: Leveraging Low-Rank Adaptation for Multi-Concept Customization in Training-Free Diffusion Modelscited by 55
  25. 2024λ-ECLIPSE: Multi-Concept Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Models by Leveraging CLIP Latent Spacecited by 51
  26. 2024Drag Your Noise: Interactive Point-based Editing via Diffusion Semantic Propagationcited by 50
  27. 2024FreeCustom: Tuning-Free Customized Image Generation for Multi-Concept Compositioncited by 49
  28. 2024Still-Moving: Customized Video Generation without Customized Video Datacited by 49
  29. 2024Vitron: A Unified Pixel-level Vision LLM for Understanding, Generating, Segmenting, Editingcited by 49
  30. 2024Large-Scale Text-to-Image Model with Inpainting is a Zero-Shot Subject-Driven Image Generatorcited by 48
  31. 2025K-LoRA: Unlocking Training-Free Fusion of Any Subject and Style LoRAscited by 48
  32. 2023Customizing 360-Degree Panoramas through Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 47
  33. 2024Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning in Large Models: A Survey of Methodologiescited by 44
  34. 2024EmerDiff: Emerging Pixel-level Semantic Knowledge in Diffusion Modelscited by 42
  35. 2025Reflect-DiT: Inference-Time Scaling for Text-to-Image Diffusion Transformers via In-Context Reflectioncited by 42
  36. 2023Prompting Hard or Hardly Prompting: Prompt Inversion for Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 40
  37. 2023StyleAdapter: A Unified Stylized Image Generation Modelcited by 39
  38. 2024RealCustom: Narrowing Real Text Word for Real-Time Open-Domain Text-to-Image Customizationcited by 39

50 most cited of 242 All 242 (JSON)

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  1. 2024BRAT: Bonus oRthogonAl Token for Architecture Agnostic Textual Inversion
  2. 2022eDiff-I: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with an Ensemble of Expert Denoisers
  3. 2026ImageRAGTurbo: Towards One-step Text-to-Image Generation with Retrieval-Augmented Diffusion Models
  4. 2026In-Loop Model Adaptation with Coupled Latent-Noise Guidance for High-Fidelity Subject-Driven Text-to-Image Generation
  5. 2025Training-Free Diffusion Priors for Text-to-Image Generation via Optimization-based Visual Inversion
  6. 2026All-in-One Conditioning for Text-to-Image Synthesis
  7. 2022Direct Inversion: Optimization-Free Text-Driven Real Image Editing with Diffusion Models
  8. 2025SAGA: Learning Signal-Aligned Distributions for Improved Text-to-Image Generation