HoloDrive: Holistic 2D-3D Multi-Modal Street Scene Generation for Autonomous Driving
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Generative simulation for driving
Abstract (arXiv)
Generative models have significantly improved the generation and prediction quality on either camera images or LiDAR point clouds for autonomous driving. However, a real-world autonomous driving system uses multiple kinds of input modality, usually cameras and LiDARs, where they contain complementary information for generation, while existing generation methods ignore this crucial feature, resulting in the generated results only covering separate 2D or 3D information. In order to fill the gap in 2D-3D multi-modal joint generation for autonomous driving, in this paper, we propose our framework, HoloDrive, to jointly generate the camera images and LiDAR point clouds. We employ BEV-to-Camera and Camera-to-BEV transform modules between heterogeneous generative models, and introduce a depth prediction branch in the 2D generative model to disambiguate the un-projecting from image space to BEV space, then extend the method to predict the future by adding temporal structure and carefully designed progressive training. Further, we conduct experiments on single frame generation and world model benchmarks, and demonstrate our method leads to significant performance gains over SOTA methods in terms of generation metrics.
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Generative simulation for driving, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 47 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Dec 2024.
Builds on
47 of 54 references.
Closest ancestors · 7
Same direction, newest first
- 2024BEVWorld: A Multimodal World Simulator for Autonomous Driving via Scene-Level BEV Latents8 Jul
- 2024DriveDreamer-2: LLM-Enhanced World Models for Diverse Driving Video Generation11 Mar
- 2024GenAD: Generative End-to-End Autonomous Driving18 Feb
- 2023Driving into the Future: Multiview Visual Forecasting and Planning with World Model for Autonomous Driving29 Nov
- 2023Copilot4D: Learning Unsupervised World Models for Autonomous Driving via Discrete Diffusion2 Nov
- 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving29 Sep
- 2023DriveDreamer: Towards Real-world-driven World Models for Autonomous Driving18 Sep
Other references · 40
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
- 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
- 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,717
- 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
- 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,650
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
28 more
- 2022Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Modelscited by 2,994
- 2023Align your Latents: High-Resolution Video Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 1,465
- 2023T2I-Adapter: Learning Adapters to Dig out More Controllable Ability for Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1,339
- 2022BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformerscited by 1,213
- 2018Towards Accurate Generative Models of Video: A New Metric & Challengescited by 1,204
- 2022MaskGIT: Masked Generative Image Transformercited by 1,082
- 2022BEVFusion: Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion with Unified Bird's-Eye View Representationcited by 844
- 2023GLIGEN: Open-Set Grounded Text-to-Image Generationcited by 774
- 2024SiT: Exploring Flow and Diffusion-based Generative Models with Scalable Interpolant Transformerscited by 707
- 2023Argoverse 2: Next Generation Datasets for Self-Driving Perception and Forecastingcited by 701
- 2022BEVDepth: Acquisition of Reliable Depth for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 568
- 2022BEVFusion: A Simple and Robust LiDAR-Camera Fusion Frameworkcited by 334
- 2024Hunyuan-DiT: A Powerful Multi-Resolution Diffusion Transformer with Fine-Grained Chinese Understandingcited by 294
- 2023MagicDrive: Street View Generation with Diverse 3D Geometry Controlcited by 250
- 2022DeepFusion: Lidar-Camera Deep Fusion for Multi-Modal 3D Object Detectioncited by 224
- 2021DriveGAN: Towards a Controllable High-Quality Neural Simulationcited by 125
- 2023Street-View Image Generation from a Bird's-Eye View Layoutcited by 102
- 2023BEVControl: Accurately Controlling Street-view Elements with Multi-perspective Consistency via BEV Sketch Layoutcited by 102
- 2023ADriver-I: A General World Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 102
- 2022Learning to Generate Realistic LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 91
- 2024FiT: Flexible Vision Transformer for Diffusion Modelcited by 84
- 2023Point Cloud Forecasting as a Proxy for 4D Occupancy Forecastingcited by 76
- 2023UltraLiDAR: Learning Compact Representations for LiDAR Completion and Generationcited by 76
- 2018Deep Generative Modeling of LiDAR Datacited by 70
- 2024RangeLDM: Fast Realistic LiDAR Point Cloud Generationcited by 45
- 2021Self-supervised Point Cloud Prediction Using 3D Spatio-temporal Convolutional Networkscited by 42
- 2024SubjectDrive: Scaling Generative Data in Autonomous Driving via Subject Controlcited by 32
- 2019LiDAR Sensor modeling and Data augmentation with GANs for Autonomous drivingcited by 22
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 17; 2026: 4.
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- 2025Aligning Perception, Reasoning, Modeling and Interaction: A Survey on Physical AI6 Oct 2025
- 20253D and 4D World Modeling: A Survey4 Sep 2025
- 2025Solar Altitude Guided Scene Illumination8 Jul 2025
- 2025NRSeg: Noise-Resilient Learning for BEV Semantic Segmentation via Driving World Models5 Jul 2025
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9 more
- 2025GeoDrive: 3D Geometry-Informed Driving World Model with Precise Action Control28 May 2025
- 2025Generative AI for Autonomous Driving: Frontiers and Opportunities13 May 2025
- 20253D Scene Generation: A Survey8 May 2025
- 2025AccidentSim: Generating Vehicle Collision Videos with Physically Realistic Collision Trajectories from Real-World Accident Reports26 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning-based 3D Reconstruction in Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Survey17 Mar 2025
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- 2025MaskGWM: A Generalizable Driving World Model with Video Mask Reconstruction17 Feb 2025
- 2025The Role of World Models in Shaping Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Survey14 Feb 2025
- 2025A Survey of World Models for Autonomous Driving20 Jan 2025
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- 2025A Survey of World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 60
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- 2026UniDrive-WM: Unified Understanding, Planning and Generation World Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 20
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- 2025LongDWM: Cross-Granularity Distillation for Building a Long-Term Driving World Modelcited by 9
- 2025Delta-Triplane Transformers as Occupancy World Modelscited by 5
- 2025Aligning Perception, Reasoning, Modeling and Interaction: A Survey on Physical AIcited by 3
- 2025AccidentSim: Generating Vehicle Collision Videos with Physically Realistic Collision Trajectories from Real-World Accident Reportscited by 2
- 2025NRSeg: Noise-Resilient Learning for BEV Semantic Segmentation via Driving World Modelscited by 2
- 2025CVD-STORM: Cross-View Video Diffusion with Spatial-Temporal Reconstruction Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
- 2026UniDrive-WM: Unified Understanding, Planning and Generation World Model for Autonomous Driving7 Jan 2026
- 2025CVD-STORM: Cross-View Video Diffusion with Spatial-Temporal Reconstruction Model for Autonomous Driving9 Oct 2025
- 2025Aligning Perception, Reasoning, Modeling and Interaction: A Survey on Physical AI6 Oct 2025
- 20253D and 4D World Modeling: A Survey4 Sep 2025
- 2025NRSeg: Noise-Resilient Learning for BEV Semantic Segmentation via Driving World Models5 Jul 2025
- 2025LongDWM: Cross-Granularity Distillation for Building a Long-Term Driving World Model2 Jun 2025
- 2025GeoDrive: 3D Geometry-Informed Driving World Model with Precise Action Control28 May 2025
- 2025AccidentSim: Generating Vehicle Collision Videos with Physically Realistic Collision Trajectories from Real-World Accident Reports26 Mar 2025
- 2025Delta-Triplane Transformers as Occupancy World Models10 Mar 2025
- 2025MaskGWM: A Generalizable Driving World Model with Video Mask Reconstruction17 Feb 2025
- 2025The Role of World Models in Shaping Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Survey14 Feb 2025
- 2025A Survey of World Models for Autonomous Driving20 Jan 2025
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- 2025X-Scene: Large-Scale Driving Scene Generation with High Fidelity and Flexible Controllabilitycited by 20
- 2026DiffPlace: Street View Generation via Place-Controllable Diffusion Model Enhancing Place Recognitioncited by 1
- 2026Representation Learning in Diffusion and Flow-based Model: An Application Aspectcited by 0
- 2026Geometry Without Coordinates: LiDAR Diffusion as a 3D Feature Bridgecited by 0
- 2026Geometry Without Coordinates: LiDAR Diffusion as a 3D Feature Bridge9 Sep 2026
- 2026Representation Learning in Diffusion and Flow-based Model: An Application Aspect25 Aug 2026
- 2026DiffPlace: Street View Generation via Place-Controllable Diffusion Model Enhancing Place Recognition12 Feb 2026
- 2025X-Scene: Large-Scale Driving Scene Generation with High Fidelity and Flexible Controllability16 Jun 2025
- 20253D Scene Generation: A Survey8 May 2025
- 2025Solar Altitude Guided Scene Illuminationcited by 0
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