CV-Cities: Advancing Cross-View Geo-Localization in Global Cities
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Abstract (arXiv)
Cross-view geo-localization (CVGL), which involves matching and retrieving satellite images to determine the geographic location of a ground image, is crucial in GNSS-constrained scenarios. However, this task faces significant challenges due to substantial viewpoint discrepancies, the complexity of localization scenarios, and the need for global localization. To address these issues, we propose a novel CVGL framework that integrates the vision foundational model DINOv2 with an advanced feature mixer. Our framework introduces the symmetric InfoNCE loss and incorporates near-neighbor sampling and dynamic similarity sampling strategies, significantly enhancing localization accuracy. Experimental results show that our framework surpasses existing methods across multiple public and self-built datasets. To further improve globalscale performance, we have developed CV-Cities, a novel dataset for global CVGL. CV-Cities includes 223,736 ground-satellite image pairs with geolocation data, spanning sixteen cities across six continents and covering a wide range of complex scenarios, providing a challenging benchmark for CVGL. The framework trained with CV-Cities demonstrates high localization accuracy in various test cities, highlighting its strong globalization and generalization capabilities. Our datasets and codes are available at https://github.com/GaoShuang98/CVCities.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Nov 2024.
Builds on
30 of 47 references.
References · 30
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 12,049
- 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,639
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,234
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,974
- 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,513
- 2021MLP-Mixer: An all-MLP Architecture for Visioncited by 1,446
- 2015NetVLAD: CNN architecture for weakly supervised place recognitioncited by 941
- 2020VIGOR: Cross-View Image Geo-localization beyond One-to-one Retrievalcited by 189
- 2015Wide-Area Image Geolocalization with Aerial Reference Imagerycited by 186
- 2019Lending Orientation to Neural Networks for Cross-view Geo-localizationcited by 180
- 2022TransGeo: Transformer Is All You Need for Cross-view Image Geo-localizationcited by 168
18 more
- 2023MixVPR: Feature Mixing for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 161
- 2020University-1652: A Multi-view Multi-source Benchmark for Drone-based Geo-localizationcited by 157
- 2021Coming Down to Earth: Satellite-to-Street View Synthesis for Geo-Localizationcited by 113
- 2023Sample4Geo: Hard Negative Sampling For Cross-View Geo-Localisationcited by 110
- 2019Multi-Channel Attention Selection GAN with Cascaded Semantic Guidance for Cross-View Image Translationcited by 97
- 2020Each Part Matters: Local Patterns Facilitate Cross-view Geo-localizationcited by 97
- 2022Cross-view Geo-localization via Learning Disentangled Geometric Layout Correspondencecited by 70
- 2017Cross-View Image Matching for Geo-localization in Urban Environmentscited by 69
- 2018Cross-View Image Synthesis using Conditional GANscited by 69
- 2022A Transformer-Based Feature Segmentation and Region Alignment Method For UAV-View Geo-Localizationcited by 57
- 2023Simple, Effective and General: A New Backbone for Cross-view Image Geo-localizationcited by 37
- 2020Revisiting Street-to-Aerial View Image Geo-localization and Orientation Estimationcited by 36
- 2019Image-Based Geo-Localization Using Satellite Imagerycited by 26
- 2021Cross-view Geo-localization with Evolving Transformercited by 10
- 2023Cross-View Visual Geo-Localization for Outdoor Augmented Realitycited by 10
- 2022Transformer-Guided Convolutional Neural Network for Cross-View Geolocalizationcited by 6
- 2022Wide-Area Geolocalization with a Limited Field of View Cameracited by 5
- 2023Image-based Geolocalization by Ground-to-2.5D Map Matchingcited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 10; 2026: 11.
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- 2025MMS-VPR: A Fine-Grained Multimodal Street-Level Visual Place Recognition Dataset and Evaluation Benchmark for Dense Pedestrian Environmentscited by 3
- 2025VICI: VLM-Instructed Cross-view Image-localisationcited by 3
- 2024Cross-View Geo-Localization with Street-View and VHR Satellite Imagery in Decentrality Settingscited by 2
- 2025Object-level Cross-view Geo-localization with Location Enhancement and Multi-Head Cross Attentioncited by 2
- 2025SkyLink: Unifying Street-Satellite Geo-Localization via UAV-Mediated 3D Scene Alignmentcited by 2
- 2025Learnable Query Aggregation with KV Routing for Cross-view Geo-localisationcited by 2
- 2026MOGeo: Beyond One-to-One Cross-View Object Geo-localizationcited by 2
- 2025Toward Reliable VLM: A Fine-Grained Benchmark and Framework for Exposure, Bias, and Inference in Korean Street Viewscited by 1
- 2026Global Cross-Modal Geo-Localization: A Million-Scale Dataset and a Physical Consistency Learning Frameworkcited by 1
- 2026DualGeo: A Dual-View Framework for Worldwide Image Geo-localizationcited by 1
- 2026SeqLoc: Beyond the Single Frame for Cross-View Geo-Localization in Feature-Sparse Scenescited by 1
- 2025Dynamic Contrastive Learning for Hierarchical Retrieval: A Case Study of Distance-Aware Cross-View Geo-Localizationcited by 0
10 more
- 2025Beyond Paired Data: Self-Supervised UAV Geo-Localization from Reference Imagery Alonecited by 0
- 2025MMLANDMARKS: a Cross-View Instance-Level Benchmark for Geo-Spatial Understandingcited by 0
- 2025Lifting Vision: Ground to Aerial Localization with Reasoning Guided Planningcited by 0
- 2026m2sv: A Scalable Benchmark for Map-to-Street-View Spatial Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Wrivinder: Towards Spatial Intelligence for Geo-locating Ground Images onto Satellite Imagerycited by 0
- 2026GeoLink: A 3D-aware Framework to Improve Generalization for Cross-view Geo-localizationcited by 0
- 2026InfoGeo: Information-Theoretic Object-Centric Learning for Cross-View Generalizable UAV Geo-Localizationcited by 0
- 2026MAPS: Multi-Anchor Projection Similarity for Joint Vision-Language Geo-Localizationcited by 0
- 2026Leveraging Semantic Maps for City-Scale Cross-View Localizationcited by 0
- 2026CrossTimeEdit: A Decade-Spanning Cross-View Dataset and Reward-Guided Editing for Historical Street-View Generationcited by 0
- 2026CrossTimeEdit: A Decade-Spanning Cross-View Dataset and Reward-Guided Editing for Historical Street-View Generation29 Sep 2026
- 2026SeqLoc: Beyond the Single Frame for Cross-View Geo-Localization in Feature-Sparse Scenes8 Aug 2026
- 2026Leveraging Semantic Maps for City-Scale Cross-View Localization28 Jul 2026
- 2026MAPS: Multi-Anchor Projection Similarity for Joint Vision-Language Geo-Localization21 Jun 2026
- 2026InfoGeo: Information-Theoretic Object-Centric Learning for Cross-View Generalizable UAV Geo-Localization8 May 2026
- 2026DualGeo: A Dual-View Framework for Worldwide Image Geo-localization28 Apr 2026
- 2026GeoLink: A 3D-aware Framework to Improve Generalization for Cross-view Geo-localization14 Apr 2026
- 2026MOGeo: Beyond One-to-One Cross-View Object Geo-localization14 Mar 2026
- 2026Global Cross-Modal Geo-Localization: A Million-Scale Dataset and a Physical Consistency Learning Framework9 Mar 2026
- 2026Wrivinder: Towards Spatial Intelligence for Geo-locating Ground Images onto Satellite Imagery16 Feb 2026
- 2026m2sv: A Scalable Benchmark for Map-to-Street-View Spatial Reasoning27 Jan 2026
- 2025Lifting Vision: Ground to Aerial Localization with Reasoning Guided Planning30 Dec 2025
10 more
- 2025Learnable Query Aggregation with KV Routing for Cross-view Geo-localisation30 Dec 2025
- 2025MMLANDMARKS: a Cross-View Instance-Level Benchmark for Geo-Spatial Understanding19 Dec 2025
- 2025Beyond Paired Data: Self-Supervised UAV Geo-Localization from Reference Imagery Alone2 Dec 2025
- 2025SkyLink: Unifying Street-Satellite Geo-Localization via UAV-Mediated 3D Scene Alignment29 Sep 2025
- 2025VICI: VLM-Instructed Cross-view Image-localisation5 Jul 2025
- 2025Dynamic Contrastive Learning for Hierarchical Retrieval: A Case Study of Distance-Aware Cross-View Geo-Localization29 Jun 2025
- 2025Toward Reliable VLM: A Fine-Grained Benchmark and Framework for Exposure, Bias, and Inference in Korean Street Views3 Jun 2025
- 2025Object-level Cross-view Geo-localization with Location Enhancement and Multi-Head Cross Attention23 May 2025
- 2025MMS-VPR: A Fine-Grained Multimodal Street-Level Visual Place Recognition Dataset and Evaluation Benchmark for Dense Pedestrian Environments18 May 2025
- 2024Cross-View Geo-Localization with Street-View and VHR Satellite Imagery in Decentrality Settings16 Dec 2024
- 2025MMS-VPR: A Fine-Grained Multimodal Street-Level Visual Place Recognition Dataset and Evaluation Benchmark for Dense Pedestrian Environmentscited by 3
- 2025VICI: VLM-Instructed Cross-view Image-localisationcited by 3
- 2024Cross-View Geo-Localization with Street-View and VHR Satellite Imagery in Decentrality Settingscited by 2
- 2025Object-level Cross-view Geo-localization with Location Enhancement and Multi-Head Cross Attentioncited by 2
- 2025SkyLink: Unifying Street-Satellite Geo-Localization via UAV-Mediated 3D Scene Alignmentcited by 2
- 2026MOGeo: Beyond One-to-One Cross-View Object Geo-localizationcited by 2
- 2026Global Cross-Modal Geo-Localization: A Million-Scale Dataset and a Physical Consistency Learning Frameworkcited by 1
- 2026DualGeo: A Dual-View Framework for Worldwide Image Geo-localizationcited by 1
- 2026SeqLoc: Beyond the Single Frame for Cross-View Geo-Localization in Feature-Sparse Scenescited by 1
- 2025Dynamic Contrastive Learning for Hierarchical Retrieval: A Case Study of Distance-Aware Cross-View Geo-Localizationcited by 0
- 2025Beyond Paired Data: Self-Supervised UAV Geo-Localization from Reference Imagery Alonecited by 0
- 2025MMLANDMARKS: a Cross-View Instance-Level Benchmark for Geo-Spatial Understandingcited by 0
12 most cited of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2026CrossTimeEdit: A Decade-Spanning Cross-View Dataset and Reward-Guided Editing for Historical Street-View Generation29 Sep 2026
- 2026SeqLoc: Beyond the Single Frame for Cross-View Geo-Localization in Feature-Sparse Scenes8 Aug 2026
- 2026Leveraging Semantic Maps for City-Scale Cross-View Localization28 Jul 2026
- 2026MAPS: Multi-Anchor Projection Similarity for Joint Vision-Language Geo-Localization21 Jun 2026
- 2026InfoGeo: Information-Theoretic Object-Centric Learning for Cross-View Generalizable UAV Geo-Localization8 May 2026
- 2026DualGeo: A Dual-View Framework for Worldwide Image Geo-localization28 Apr 2026
- 2026GeoLink: A 3D-aware Framework to Improve Generalization for Cross-view Geo-localization14 Apr 2026
- 2026MOGeo: Beyond One-to-One Cross-View Object Geo-localization14 Mar 2026
- 2026Global Cross-Modal Geo-Localization: A Million-Scale Dataset and a Physical Consistency Learning Framework9 Mar 2026
- 2026Wrivinder: Towards Spatial Intelligence for Geo-locating Ground Images onto Satellite Imagery16 Feb 2026
- 2025MMLANDMARKS: a Cross-View Instance-Level Benchmark for Geo-Spatial Understanding19 Dec 2025
- 2025Beyond Paired Data: Self-Supervised UAV Geo-Localization from Reference Imagery Alone2 Dec 2025
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)