LEGATO: Cross-Embodiment Imitation Using a Grasping Tool
On the map: Offline RL and imitation learning from data → Robot manipulation imitation learning
Abstract (arXiv)
Cross-embodiment imitation learning enables policies trained on specific embodiments to transfer across different robots, unlocking the potential for large-scale imitation learning that is both cost-effective and highly reusable. This paper presents LEGATO, a cross-embodiment imitation learning framework for visuomotor skill transfer across varied kinematic morphologies. We introduce a handheld gripper that unifies action and observation spaces, allowing tasks to be defined consistently across robots. We train visuomotor policies on task demonstrations using this gripper through imitation learning, applying transformation to a motion-invariant space for computing the training loss. Gripper motions generated by the policies are retargeted into high-degree-of-freedom whole-body motions using inverse kinematics for deployment across diverse embodiments. Our evaluations in simulation and real-robot experiments highlight the framework's effectiveness in learning and transferring visuomotor skills across various robots. More information can be found on the project page: https://ut-hcrl.github.io/LEGATO.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Robot manipulation imitation learning, one of 13 directions in Offline RL and imitation learning from data. First posted on arXiv 6 Nov 2024.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 9; 2026: 9.
18 papers.
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- 2025GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robotscited by 1,225
- 2025BEHAVIOR Robot Suite: Streamlining Real-World Whole-Body Manipulation for Everyday Household Activitiescited by 31
- 2025Physics-Driven Data Generation for Contact-Rich Manipulation via Trajectory Optimizationcited by 21
- 2025AirExo-2: Scaling up Generalizable Robotic Imitation Learning with Low-Cost Exoskeletonscited by 18
- 2025Human2LocoMan: Learning Versatile Quadrupedal Manipulation with Human Pretrainingcited by 9
- 2025MV-UMI: A Scalable Multi-View Interface for Cross-Embodiment Learningcited by 9
- 2026Cross-Hand Latent Representation for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 7
- 2026Data Pyramid for Embodied Manipulation: A Surveycited by 6
- 20253D Equivariant Visuomotor Policy Learning via Spherical Projectioncited by 5
- 2026YUBI: Yielding Universal Bidigital Interface for Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation at Scalecited by 4
- 2026Dreaming the Unseen: World Model-regularized Diffusion Policy for Out-of-Distribution Robustnesscited by 3
- 2025Inference-stage Adaptation-projection Strategy Adapts Diffusion Policy to Cross-manipulators Scenarioscited by 2
6 more
- 2026Universal Manipulation Exoskeleton: Learning Compliant Whole-body Policies with Real-time Torque Feedbackcited by 2
- 2025RoboSwap: A GAN-driven Video Diffusion Framework For Unsupervised Robot Arm Swappingcited by 1
- 2026Spatially Prompted Visual Trajectory Prediction for Egocentric Manipulationcited by 1
- 2026Feasibility-aware Imitation Learning from Observation with Multimodal Feedbackcited by 0
- 2026Beyond the Patch: Exploring Vulnerabilities of Visuomotor Policies via Viewpoint-Consistent 3D Adversarial Objectcited by 0
- 2026ZETA: A Controlled Study of Zero-Shot Cross-Embodiment VLA Transfer for Tabletop Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026ZETA: A Controlled Study of Zero-Shot Cross-Embodiment VLA Transfer for Tabletop Manipulation2 Sep 2026
- 2026Data Pyramid for Embodied Manipulation: A Survey27 Jul 2026
- 2026Universal Manipulation Exoskeleton: Learning Compliant Whole-body Policies with Real-time Torque Feedback12 Jun 2026
- 2026YUBI: Yielding Universal Bidigital Interface for Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation at Scale8 Jun 2026
- 2026Spatially Prompted Visual Trajectory Prediction for Egocentric Manipulation19 May 2026
- 2026Dreaming the Unseen: World Model-regularized Diffusion Policy for Out-of-Distribution Robustness22 Mar 2026
- 2026Cross-Hand Latent Representation for Vision-Language-Action Models10 Mar 2026
- 2026Beyond the Patch: Exploring Vulnerabilities of Visuomotor Policies via Viewpoint-Consistent 3D Adversarial Object5 Mar 2026
- 2026Feasibility-aware Imitation Learning from Observation with Multimodal Feedback17 Feb 2026
- 2025MV-UMI: A Scalable Multi-View Interface for Cross-Embodiment Learning23 Sep 2025
- 2025Inference-stage Adaptation-projection Strategy Adapts Diffusion Policy to Cross-manipulators Scenarios15 Sep 2025
- 2025Human2LocoMan: Learning Versatile Quadrupedal Manipulation with Human Pretraining19 Jun 2025
6 more
- 2025RoboSwap: A GAN-driven Video Diffusion Framework For Unsupervised Robot Arm Swapping10 Jun 2025
- 20253D Equivariant Visuomotor Policy Learning via Spherical Projection22 May 2025
- 2025GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robots18 Mar 2025
- 2025BEHAVIOR Robot Suite: Streamlining Real-World Whole-Body Manipulation for Everyday Household Activities7 Mar 2025
- 2025AirExo-2: Scaling up Generalizable Robotic Imitation Learning with Low-Cost Exoskeletons5 Mar 2025
- 2025Physics-Driven Data Generation for Contact-Rich Manipulation via Trajectory Optimization27 Feb 2025
- 2025GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robotscited by 1,225
- 2025BEHAVIOR Robot Suite: Streamlining Real-World Whole-Body Manipulation for Everyday Household Activitiescited by 31
- 2025Physics-Driven Data Generation for Contact-Rich Manipulation via Trajectory Optimizationcited by 21
- 2025Human2LocoMan: Learning Versatile Quadrupedal Manipulation with Human Pretrainingcited by 9
- 2026Data Pyramid for Embodied Manipulation: A Surveycited by 6
- 2026YUBI: Yielding Universal Bidigital Interface for Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation at Scalecited by 4
- 2026Universal Manipulation Exoskeleton: Learning Compliant Whole-body Policies with Real-time Torque Feedbackcited by 2
- 2026Spatially Prompted Visual Trajectory Prediction for Egocentric Manipulationcited by 1
- 2026Beyond the Patch: Exploring Vulnerabilities of Visuomotor Policies via Viewpoint-Consistent 3D Adversarial Objectcited by 0
- 2026Data Pyramid for Embodied Manipulation: A Survey27 Jul 2026
- 2026Universal Manipulation Exoskeleton: Learning Compliant Whole-body Policies with Real-time Torque Feedback12 Jun 2026
- 2026YUBI: Yielding Universal Bidigital Interface for Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation at Scale8 Jun 2026
- 2026Spatially Prompted Visual Trajectory Prediction for Egocentric Manipulation19 May 2026
- 2026Beyond the Patch: Exploring Vulnerabilities of Visuomotor Policies via Viewpoint-Consistent 3D Adversarial Object5 Mar 2026
- 2025Human2LocoMan: Learning Versatile Quadrupedal Manipulation with Human Pretraining19 Jun 2025
- 2025GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robots18 Mar 2025
- 2025BEHAVIOR Robot Suite: Streamlining Real-World Whole-Body Manipulation for Everyday Household Activities7 Mar 2025
- 2025Physics-Driven Data Generation for Contact-Rich Manipulation via Trajectory Optimization27 Feb 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026CEI: A Unified Interface for Cross-Embodiment Visuomotor Policy Learning in 3D Space
- 2026Cross-Embodiment Transfer via Behavior-Aligned Representations
- 2023XSkill: Cross Embodiment Skill Discovery
- 2024Pushing the Limits of Cross-Embodiment Learning for Manipulation and Navigation
- 2020Metric-Based Imitation Learning Between Two Dissimilar Anthropomorphic Robotic Arms
- 2018Reinforcement and Imitation Learning for Diverse Visuomotor Skills
- 2025UniBYD: A Unified Framework for Learning Robotic Manipulation Across Embodiments Beyond Imitation of Human Demonstrations
- 2023Multimodal and Force-Matched Imitation Learning with a See-Through Visuotactile Sensor