ClickAgent: Enhancing UI Location Capabilities of Autonomous Agents
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → GUI and mobile agents
Abstract (arXiv)
With the growing reliance on digital devices equipped with graphical user interfaces (GUIs), such as computers and smartphones, the need for effective automation tools has become increasingly important. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) like GPT-4V excel in many areas, they struggle with GUI interactions, limiting their effectiveness in automating everyday tasks. In this paper, we introduce ClickAgent, a novel framework for building autonomous agents. In ClickAgent, the MLLM handles reasoning and action planning, while a separate UI location model (e.g., SeeClick) identifies the relevant UI elements on the screen. This approach addresses a key limitation of current-generation MLLMs: their difficulty in accurately locating UI elements. ClickAgent outperforms other prompt-based autonomous agents (CogAgent, AppAgent) on the AITW benchmark. Our evaluation was conducted on both an Android smartphone emulator and an actual Android smartphone, using the task success rate as the key metric for measuring agent performance.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in GUI and mobile agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 26 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Oct 2024.
Builds on
26 of 33 references.
Closest ancestors · 8
Same direction, newest first
- 2024GUICourse: From General Vision Language Models to Versatile GUI Agents17 Jun
- 2024DigiRL: Training In-The-Wild Device-Control Agents with Autonomous Reinforcement Learning14 Jun
- 2024LlamaTouch: A Faithful and Scalable Testbed for Mobile UI Task Automation12 Apr
- 2024OmniACT: A Dataset and Benchmark for Enabling Multimodal Generalist Autonomous Agents for Desktop and Web27 Feb
- 2024CoCo-Agent: A Comprehensive Cognitive MLLM Agent for Smartphone GUI Automation19 Feb
- 2024SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agents17 Jan
- 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agents14 Dec
- 2023You Only Look at Screens: Multimodal Chain-of-Action Agents20 Sep
Other references · 18
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,151
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,534
- 2021WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedbackcited by 1,722
- 2023Ferret: Refer and Ground Anything Anywhere at Any Granularitycited by 498
- 2023A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesiscited by 350
- 2023AgentTuning: Enabling Generalized Agent Abilities for LLMscited by 319
- 2023Android in the Wild: A Large-Scale Dataset for Android Device Controlcited by 314
- 2023FireAct: Toward Language Agent Fine-tuningcited by 247
- 2024From Explicit CoT to Implicit CoT: Learning to Internalize CoT Step by Stepcited by 225
- 2024Let's Think Dot by Dot: Hidden Computation in Transformer Language Modelscited by 186
- 2024Autonomous Evaluation and Refinement of Digital Agentscited by 136
- 2024VisualWebBench: How Far Have Multimodal LLMs Evolved in Web Page Understanding and Grounding?cited by 98
6 more
- 2024ScreenAI: A Vision-Language Model for UI and Infographics Understandingcited by 97
- 2024Large Language Model Inference Acceleration: A Comprehensive Hardware Perspectivecited by 36
- 2024Dynamic Planning for LLM-based Graphical User Interface Automationcited by 19
- 2024Read Anywhere Pointed: Layout-aware GUI Screen Reading with Tree-of-Lens Groundingcited by 18
- 2024Enhancing Vision-Language Pre-training with Rich Supervisionscited by 12
- 2024V-Zen: Efficient GUI Understanding and Precise Grounding With A Novel Multimodal LLMcited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 6; 2026: 4.
11 papers.
- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Surveycited by 160
- 2025A Survey of WebAgents: Towards Next-Generation AI Agents for Web Automation with Large Foundation Modelscited by 87
- 2025OS Agents: A Survey on MLLM-based Agents for General Computing Devices Usecited by 35
- 2025LLM-Powered GUI Agents in Phone Automation: Surveying Progress and Prospectscited by 31
- 2025Are AI Agents interacting with Online Ads?cited by 4
- 2025Invisible to Humans, Triggered by Agents: Stealthy Jailbreak Attacks on Mobile Vision-Language Agentscited by 3
- 2026GUI Agents with Reinforcement Learning: Toward Digital Inhabitantscited by 3
- 2025NGENT: Next-Generation AI Agents Must Integrate Multi-Domain Abilities to Achieve Artificial General Intelligencecited by 2
- 2026AgenticRag-R1: Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Stack Memory for Multi-Step Reasoning, Retrieval and Memorizingcited by 2
- 2026Software Engineering for and with GUI Agentcited by 1
- 2026Revisiting Observation Reduction for Web Agents: Comprehensive Evaluation with a Lightweight Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026AgenticRag-R1: Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Stack Memory for Multi-Step Reasoning, Retrieval and Memorizing30 Aug 2026
- 2026Software Engineering for and with GUI Agent10 Aug 2026
- 2026Revisiting Observation Reduction for Web Agents: Comprehensive Evaluation with a Lightweight Framework28 May 2026
- 2026GUI Agents with Reinforcement Learning: Toward Digital Inhabitants30 Apr 2026
- 2025Invisible to Humans, Triggered by Agents: Stealthy Jailbreak Attacks on Mobile Vision-Language Agents9 Oct 2025
- 2025OS Agents: A Survey on MLLM-based Agents for General Computing Devices Use6 Aug 2025
- 2025NGENT: Next-Generation AI Agents Must Integrate Multi-Domain Abilities to Achieve Artificial General Intelligence30 Apr 2025
- 2025LLM-Powered GUI Agents in Phone Automation: Surveying Progress and Prospects28 Apr 2025
- 2025A Survey of WebAgents: Towards Next-Generation AI Agents for Web Automation with Large Foundation Models30 Mar 2025
- 2025Are AI Agents interacting with Online Ads?20 Mar 2025
- 2024Large Language Model-Brained GUI Agents: A Survey27 Nov 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Agent+P: Guiding UI Agents via Symbolic Planning
- 2025Ferret-UI Lite: Lessons from Building Small On-Device GUI Agents
- 2024TinyClick: Single-Turn Agent for Empowering GUI Automation
- 2025Mobile-Agent-v3: Fundamental Agents for GUI Automation
- 2026OmegaUse: Building a General-Purpose GUI Agent for Autonomous Task Execution
- 2025MapAgent: Trajectory-Constructed Memory-Augmented Planning for Mobile Task Automation
- 2025Advancing Mobile GUI Agents: A Verifier-Driven Approach to Practical Deployment
- 2026VenusBench-Mobile: A Challenging and User-Centric Benchmark for Mobile GUI Agents with Capability Diagnostics