mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Minstrel: Structural Prompt Generation with Multi-Agents Coordination for Non-AI Experts

arXiv 2409.13449 ↗First posted 20 Sep 2024cs.CLcited by 4

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

LLMs have demonstrated commendable performance across diverse domains. Nevertheless, formulating high-quality prompts to assist them in their work poses a challenge for non-AI experts. Existing research in prompt engineering suggests somewhat scattered optimization principles and designs empirically dependent prompt optimizers. Unfortunately, these endeavors lack a structural design, incurring high learning costs and it is not conducive to the iterative updating of prompts, especially for non-AI experts. Inspired by structured reusable programming languages, we propose LangGPT, a structural prompt design framework. Furthermore, we introduce Minstrel, a multi-generative agent system with reflection to automate the generation of structural prompts. Experiments and the case study illustrate that structural prompts generated by Minstrel or written manually significantly enhance the performance of LLMs. Furthermore, we analyze the ease of use of structural prompts through a user survey in our online community.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 22 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2024.

Builds on

22 of 39 references.

References · 22

  1. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  2. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,500
  3. 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,273
  4. 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,919
  5. 2023GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmarkcited by 2,748
  6. 2023BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Financecited by 923
  7. 2023Large Language Modelscited by 774
  8. 2023Automatic Prompt Optimization with "Gradient Descent" and Beam Searchcited by 628
  9. 2023ChatDoctor: A Medical Chat Model Fine-Tuned on a Large Language Model Meta-AI (LLaMA) Using Medical Domain Knowledgecited by 324
  10. 2023PromptAgent: Strategic Planning with Language Models Enables Expert-level Prompt Optimizationcited by 226
  11. 2021Design Guidelines for Prompt Engineering Text-to-Image Generative Modelscited by 216
  12. 2023EvoPrompt: Connecting LLMs with Evolutionary Algorithms Yields Powerful Prompt Optimizerscited by 189
10 more
  1. 2023Is ChatGPT A Good Translator? Yes With GPT-4 As The Enginecited by 172
  2. 2023Black-Box Prompt Optimization: Aligning Large Language Models without Model Trainingcited by 122
  3. 202314 Examples of How LLMs Can Transform Materials Science and Chemistry: A Reflection on a Large Language Model Hackathoncited by 85
  4. 2023Principled Instructions Are All You Need for Questioning LLaMA-1/2, GPT-3.5/4cited by 48
  5. 2024Should We Respect LLMs? A Cross-Lingual Study on the Influence of Prompt Politeness on LLM Performancecited by 41
  6. 2024SciAssess: Benchmarking LLM Proficiency in Scientific Literature Analysiscited by 40
  7. 2023Prompt Problems: A New Programming Exercise for the Generative AI Eracited by 31
  8. 2023AutoHint: Automatic Prompt Optimization with Hint Generationcited by 29
  9. 2024Affective Computing in the Era of Large Language Models: A Survey from the NLP Perspectivecited by 24
  10. 2024Deep Learning and LLM-based Methods Applied to Stellar Lightcurve Classificationcited by 3

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 3.

4 papers.

  1. 2025Measuring Agents in Productioncited by 35
  2. 2025AnnaAgent: Dynamic Evolution Agent System with Multi-Session Memory for Realistic Seeker Simulationcited by 21
  3. 2024From Cool Demos to Production-Ready FMware: Core Challenges and a Technology Roadmapcited by 2
  4. 2025P-Aligner: Enabling Pre-Alignment of Language Models via Principled Instruction Synthesiscited by 1

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024LangGPT: Rethinking Structured Reusable Prompt Design Framework for LLMs from the Programming Language
  2. 2025AutoPDL: Automatic Prompt Optimization for LLM Agents
  3. 2024PRompt Optimization in Multi-Step Tasks (PROMST): Integrating Human Feedback and Heuristic-based Sampling
  4. 2026Environment-Grounded Automated Prompt Optimization for LLM Game Agents
  5. 2024Prompt Design and Engineering: Introduction and Advanced Methods
  6. 2026SPEAR: Code-Augmented Agentic Prompt Optimization
  7. 2026Enhancing LLM Instruction Following: An Evaluation-Driven Multi-Agentic Workflow for Prompt Instructions Optimization
  8. 2025The Meta-Prompting Protocol: Orchestrating LLMs via Adversarial Feedback Loops