mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

AutoHint: Automatic Prompt Optimization with Hint Generation

arXiv 2307.07415 ↗First posted 13 Jul 2023cs.CL cs.AIcited by 29

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents AutoHint, a novel framework for automatic prompt engineering and optimization for Large Language Models (LLM). While LLMs have demonstrated remarkable ability in achieving high-quality annotation in various tasks, the key to applying this ability to specific tasks lies in developing high-quality prompts. Thus we propose a framework to inherit the merits of both in-context learning and zero-shot learning by incorporating enriched instructions derived from input-output demonstrations to optimize original prompt. We refer to the enrichment as the hint and propose a framework to automatically generate the hint from labeled data. More concretely, starting from an initial prompt, our method first instructs a LLM to deduce new hints for selected samples from incorrect predictions, and then summarizes from per-sample hints and adds the results back to the initial prompt to form a new, enriched instruction. The proposed method is evaluated on the BIG-Bench Instruction Induction dataset for both zero-shot and few-short prompts, where experiments demonstrate our method is able to significantly boost accuracy for multiple tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Jul 2023.

Builds on

20 of 23 references.

References · 20

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  3. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  4. 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
  5. 2021The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuningcited by 3,769
  6. 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,674
  7. 2022Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1,397
  8. 2021Fantastically Ordered Prompts and Where to Find Them: Overcoming Few-Shot Prompt Order Sensitivitycited by 1,122
  9. 2022Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineerscited by 1,020
  10. 2023ChatGPT Outperforms Crowd-Workers for Text-Annotation Taskscited by 849
  11. 2023Automatic Prompt Optimization with "Gradient Descent" and Beam Searchcited by 628
  12. 2021Learning How to Ask: Querying LMs with Mixtures of Soft Promptscited by 376
8 more
  1. 2022RLPrompt: Optimizing Discrete Text Prompts with Reinforcement Learningcited by 361
  2. 2022Dynamic Prompt Learning via Policy Gradient for Semi-structured Mathematical Reasoningcited by 347
  3. 2021AI Chains: Transparent and Controllable Human-AI Interaction by Chaining Large Language Model Promptscited by 265
  4. 2023Large Language Model Guided Tree-of-Thoughtcited by 218
  5. 2022Optimizing Prompts for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 204
  6. 2022Instruction Induction: From Few Examples to Natural Language Task Descriptionscited by 152
  7. 2022TEMPERA: Test-Time Prompting via Reinforcement Learningcited by 50
  8. 2023Reprompting: Automated Chain-of-Thought Prompt Inference Through Gibbs Samplingcited by 46

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 12; 2025: 12; 2026: 4.

29 papers.

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  1. 2024Efficient Prompting Methods for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 46
  2. 2024Are Large Language Models Good Prompt Optimizers?cited by 37
  3. 2024Teach Better or Show Smarter? On Instructions and Exemplars in Automatic Prompt Optimizationcited by 28
  4. 2024Instance-adaptive Zero-shot Chain-of-Thought Promptingcited by 25
  5. 2024Customizing Language Model Responses with Contrastive In-Context Learningcited by 19
  6. 2025Prompting in the Dark: Assessing Human Performance in Prompt Engineering for Data Labeling When Gold Labels Are Absentcited by 15
  7. 2024LangGPT: Rethinking Structured Reusable Prompt Design Framework for LLMs from the Programming Languagecited by 12
  8. 2024Prompt Obfuscation for Large Language Modelscited by 10
  9. 2024SCULPT: Systematic Tuning of Long Promptscited by 8
  10. 2024TriviaHG: A Dataset for Automatic Hint Generation from Factoid Questionscited by 7
  11. 2024Learning from Contrastive Prompts: Automated Optimization and Adaptationcited by 7
  12. 2025Optimizing LLM-Based Multi-Agent System with Textual Feedback: A Case Study on Software Developmentcited by 7
17 more
  1. 2025A Survey of Automatic Prompt Optimization with Instruction-focused Heuristic-based Search Algorithmcited by 6
  2. 2024Autonomous Prompt Engineering in Large Language Modelscited by 5
  3. 2024Minstrel: Structural Prompt Generation with Multi-Agents Coordination for Non-AI Expertscited by 4
  4. 2025Beyond One-Size-Fits-All: Inversion Learning for Highly Effective NLG Evaluation Promptscited by 3
  5. 2023Do Physicians Know How to Prompt? The Need for Automatic Prompt Optimization Help in Clinical Note Generationcited by 2
  6. 2025Fuzzy Reasoning Chain (FRC): An Innovative Reasoning Framework from Fuzziness to Claritycited by 2
  7. 2025Evolutionary Prompt Optimization Discovers Emergent Multimodal Reasoning Strategies in Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
  8. 2025A Hierarchical Framework for Measuring Scientific Paper Innovation via Large Language Modelscited by 1
  9. 2025Direct Behavior Optimization: Unlocking the Potential of Lightweight LLMscited by 1
  10. 2025GreenTEA: Gradient Descent with Topic-modeling and Evolutionary Auto-promptingcited by 1
  11. 2025MA-SAPO: Multi-Agent Reasoning for Score-Aware Prompt Optimizationcited by 1
  12. 2026TAHOE: Text-to-SQL with Automated Hint Optimization from Experiencecited by 1
  13. 2025Reinforcement Learning-Based Prompt Template Stealing for Text-to-Image Modelscited by 0
  14. 2025QiMeng-NeuComBack: Self-Evolving Translation from IR to Assembly Codecited by 0
  15. 2026AsynDBT: Asynchronous Distributed Bilevel Tuning for efficient In-Context Learning with Large Language Modelscited by 0
  16. 2026Strategy-Induct: Task-Level Strategy Induction for Instruction Generationcited by 0
  17. 2026Towards Spec Learning: Inference-Time Alignment from Preference Pairscited by 0