mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LVCD: Reference-based Lineart Video Colorization with Diffusion Models

arXiv 2409.12960 ↗First posted 19 Sep 2024cs.CV cs.GRcited by 27

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

We propose the first video diffusion framework for reference-based lineart video colorization. Unlike previous works that rely solely on image generative models to colorize lineart frame by frame, our approach leverages a large-scale pretrained video diffusion model to generate colorized animation videos. This approach leads to more temporally consistent results and is better equipped to handle large motions. Firstly, we introduce Sketch-guided ControlNet which provides additional control to finetune an image-to-video diffusion model for controllable video synthesis, enabling the generation of animation videos conditioned on lineart. We then propose Reference Attention to facilitate the transfer of colors from the reference frame to other frames containing fast and expansive motions. Finally, we present a novel scheme for sequential sampling, incorporating the Overlapped Blending Module and Prev-Reference Attention, to extend the video diffusion model beyond its original fixed-length limitation for long video colorization. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in terms of frame and video quality, as well as temporal consistency. Moreover, our method is capable of generating high-quality, long temporal-consistent animation videos with large motions, which is not achievable in previous works. Our code and model are available at https://luckyhzt.github.io/lvcd.

Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 21 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Sep 2024.

Builds on

21 of 51 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion8 Dec
  2. 2021Blended Diffusion for Text-driven Editing of Natural Images29 Nov

Other references · 19

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  4. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  5. 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,385
  6. 2015Holistically-Nested Edge Detectioncited by 590
  7. 2024Latte: Latent Diffusion Transformer for Video Generationcited by 536
  8. 2023SEINE: Short-to-Long Video Diffusion Model for Generative Transition and Predictioncited by 231
  9. 2023SparseCtrl: Adding Sparse Controls to Text-to-Video Diffusion Modelscited by 172
  10. 2023NUWA-XL: Diffusion over Diffusion for eXtremely Long Video Generationcited by 170
  11. 2024Distilling Diffusion Models into Conditional GANscited by 78
  12. 2021Deep Animation Video Interpolation in the Wildcited by 65
7 more
  1. 2019Tag2Pix: Line Art Colorization Using Text Tag With SECat and Changing Losscited by 35
  2. 2018User-Guided Deep Anime Line Art Colorization with Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 32
  3. 2024TRIP: Temporal Residual Learning with Image Noise Prior for Image-to-Video Diffusion Modelscited by 30
  4. 2021Improving the Perceptual Quality of 2D Animation Interpolationcited by 20
  5. 2019Automatic Temporally Coherent Video Colorizationcited by 14
  6. 2020Deep Line Art Video Colorization with a Few Referencescited by 4
  7. 2020Artist-Guided Semiautomatic Animation Colorizationcited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 16; 2026: 7.

27 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2025Controllable Video Generation: A Surveycited by 93
  2. 2025PhysAnimator: Physics-Guided Generative Cartoon Animationcited by 40
  3. 2024LeviTor: 3D Trajectory Oriented Image-to-Video Synthesiscited by 39
  4. 2024AniDoc: Animation Creation Made Easiercited by 22
  5. 2025Generative AI for Cel-Animation: A Surveycited by 17
  6. 2025MangaNinja: Line Art Colorization with Precise Reference Followingcited by 17
  7. 2025SketchVideo: Sketch-based Video Generation and Editingcited by 15
  8. 2025LayerAnimate: Layer-level Control for Animationcited by 12
  9. 2025ToonComposer: Streamlining Cartoon Production with Generative Post-Keyframingcited by 8
  10. 2025LongAnimation: Long Animation Generation with Dynamic Global-Local Memorycited by 6
  11. 2025AnimeColor: Reference-based Animation Colorization with Diffusion Transformerscited by 5
  12. 2024Paint Bucket Colorization Using Anime Character Color Design Sheetscited by 3
15 more
  1. 2025X2Video: Adapting Diffusion Models for Multimodal Controllable Neural Video Renderingcited by 3
  2. 2025Sketch3DVE: Sketch-based 3D-Aware Scene Video Editingcited by 2
  3. 2025DACoN: DINO for Anime Paint Bucket Colorization with Any Number of Reference Imagescited by 2
  4. 2025Consistent Video Colorization via Palette Guidancecited by 1
  5. 2025LinkTo-Anime: A 2D Animation Optical Flow Dataset from 3D Model Renderingcited by 1
  6. 2025SketchColour: Channel Concat Guided DiT-based Sketch-to-Colour Pipeline for 2D Animationcited by 1
  7. 2026TimeColor: Flexible Reference Colorization via Temporal Concatenationcited by 1
  8. 2026InstanceAnimator: Multi-Instance Sketch Video Colorizationcited by 1
  9. 2026OmniColor: A Unified Framework for Multi-modal Lineart Colorizationcited by 1
  10. 2024Computer-aided Colorization State-of-the-science: A Surveycited by 0
  11. 2025ColorizeDiffusion v2: Enhancing Reference-based Sketch Colorization Through Separating Utilitiescited by 0
  12. 2026Uni-Animator: Towards Unified Visual Colorizationcited by 0
  13. 2026DrawVideo: Grounded and Faithful Multi-Shot Video Generation from Storyboard Keyframe Sketchescited by 0
  14. 2026SketchKeyAnime: Reference-anchored Sparse Key-Sketch Animation Synthesiscited by 0
  15. 2026PeCA: Palette Context Assisted Inference for Test-Time Paint-Bucket Colourisation on Animation Videoscited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023Video Colorization with Pre-trained Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
  2. 2024LatentColorization: Latent Diffusion-Based Speaker Video Colorization
  3. 2025Image Referenced Sketch Colorization Based on Animation Creation Workflow
  4. 2024ColorizeDiffusion: Adjustable Sketch Colorization with Reference Image and Text
  5. 2025Prompt-based Consistent Video Colorization
  6. 2022Video Diffusion Models
  7. 2026Efficient Video Diffusion Models: Advancements and Challenges
  8. 2023VideoGen: A Reference-Guided Latent Diffusion Approach for High Definition Text-to-Video Generation