Automatic Temporally Coherent Video Colorization
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Abstract (arXiv)
Greyscale image colorization for applications in image restoration has seen significant improvements in recent years. Many of these techniques that use learning-based methods struggle to effectively colorize sparse inputs. With the consistent growth of the anime industry, the ability to colorize sparse input such as line art can reduce significant cost and redundant work for production studios by eliminating the in-between frame colorization process. Simply using existing methods yields inconsistent colors between related frames resulting in a flicker effect in the final video. In order to successfully automate key areas of large-scale anime production, the colorization of line arts must be temporally consistent between frames. This paper proposes a method to colorize line art frames in an adversarial setting, to create temporally coherent video of large anime by improving existing image to image translation methods. We show that by adding an extra condition to the generator and discriminator, we can effectively create temporally consistent video sequences from anime line arts. Code and models available at: https://github.com/Harry-Thasarathan/TCVC
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 21 Apr 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 1; 2023: 3; 2024: 6; 2025: 1.
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- 2024LVCD: Reference-based Lineart Video Colorization with Diffusion Modelscited by 27
- 2021Temporally Consistent Video Colorization with Deep Feature Propagation and Self-regularization Learningcited by 22
- 2024AniDoc: Animation Creation Made Easiercited by 22
- 2024Sakuga-42M Dataset: Scaling Up Cartoon Researchcited by 17
- 2022BiSTNet: Semantic Image Prior Guided Bidirectional Temporal Feature Fusion for Deep Exemplar-based Video Colorizationcited by 13
- 2021VCGAN: Video Colorization with Hybrid Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 12
- 2024ColorMNet: A Memory-based Deep Spatial-Temporal Feature Propagation Network for Video Colorizationcited by 8
- 2025AnimeColor: Reference-based Animation Colorization with Diffusion Transformerscited by 5
- 2023Exemplar-based Video Colorization with Long-term Spatiotemporal Dependencycited by 4
- 2021HDRVideo-GAN: Deep Generative HDR Video Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2023Learning Data-Driven Vector-Quantized Degradation Model for Animation Video Super-Resolutioncited by 3
- 2023Temporal Consistent Automatic Video Colorization via Semantic Correspondencecited by 1
- 2025AnimeColor: Reference-based Animation Colorization with Diffusion Transformers27 Jul 2025
- 2024AniDoc: Animation Creation Made Easier18 Dec 2024
- 2024L-C4: Language-Based Video Colorization for Creative and Consistent Color7 Oct 2024
- 2024LVCD: Reference-based Lineart Video Colorization with Diffusion Models19 Sep 2024
- 2024Sakuga-42M Dataset: Scaling Up Cartoon Research13 May 2024
- 2024ColorMNet: A Memory-based Deep Spatial-Temporal Feature Propagation Network for Video Colorization9 Apr 2024
- 2024BlazeBVD: Make Scale-Time Equalization Great Again for Blind Video Deflickering10 Mar 2024
- 2023Temporal Consistent Automatic Video Colorization via Semantic Correspondence13 May 2023
- 2023Exemplar-based Video Colorization with Long-term Spatiotemporal Dependency27 Mar 2023
- 2023Learning Data-Driven Vector-Quantized Degradation Model for Animation Video Super-Resolution17 Mar 2023
- 2022BiSTNet: Semantic Image Prior Guided Bidirectional Temporal Feature Fusion for Deep Exemplar-based Video Colorization5 Dec 2022
- 2021HDRVideo-GAN: Deep Generative HDR Video Reconstruction22 Oct 2021
- 2021Temporally Consistent Video Colorization with Deep Feature Propagation and Self-regularization Learningcited by 22
- 2024AniDoc: Animation Creation Made Easiercited by 22
- 2024Sakuga-42M Dataset: Scaling Up Cartoon Researchcited by 17
- 2022BiSTNet: Semantic Image Prior Guided Bidirectional Temporal Feature Fusion for Deep Exemplar-based Video Colorizationcited by 13
- 2021VCGAN: Video Colorization with Hybrid Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 12
- 2024ColorMNet: A Memory-based Deep Spatial-Temporal Feature Propagation Network for Video Colorizationcited by 8
- 2023Exemplar-based Video Colorization with Long-term Spatiotemporal Dependencycited by 4
- 2021HDRVideo-GAN: Deep Generative HDR Video Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2023Learning Data-Driven Vector-Quantized Degradation Model for Animation Video Super-Resolutioncited by 3
- 2023Temporal Consistent Automatic Video Colorization via Semantic Correspondencecited by 1
- 2024L-C4: Language-Based Video Colorization for Creative and Consistent Colorcited by 1
- 2024BlazeBVD: Make Scale-Time Equalization Great Again for Blind Video Deflickeringcited by 0
- 2024AniDoc: Animation Creation Made Easier18 Dec 2024
- 2024L-C4: Language-Based Video Colorization for Creative and Consistent Color7 Oct 2024
- 2024Sakuga-42M Dataset: Scaling Up Cartoon Research13 May 2024
- 2024ColorMNet: A Memory-based Deep Spatial-Temporal Feature Propagation Network for Video Colorization9 Apr 2024
- 2024BlazeBVD: Make Scale-Time Equalization Great Again for Blind Video Deflickering10 Mar 2024
- 2023Temporal Consistent Automatic Video Colorization via Semantic Correspondence13 May 2023
- 2023Exemplar-based Video Colorization with Long-term Spatiotemporal Dependency27 Mar 2023
- 2023Learning Data-Driven Vector-Quantized Degradation Model for Animation Video Super-Resolution17 Mar 2023
- 2022BiSTNet: Semantic Image Prior Guided Bidirectional Temporal Feature Fusion for Deep Exemplar-based Video Colorization5 Dec 2022
- 2021HDRVideo-GAN: Deep Generative HDR Video Reconstruction22 Oct 2021
- 2021Temporally Consistent Video Colorization with Deep Feature Propagation and Self-regularization Learning9 Oct 2021
- 2021VCGAN: Video Colorization with Hybrid Generative Adversarial Network26 Apr 2021